Sensitized holmium upconversion emission in LiNbO{sub 3} triply doped with Ho{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+}, and Nd{sup 3+}
- Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China) and Center for Electronic Microscope Technology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157011 (China)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
Observed is 15 times enhancement of Ho{sup 3+} green upconversion (UC) emission in Ho{sup 3+}(0.75 mol %)/Nd{sup 3+}(0.75 mol %) doped lithium niobate crystal after incorporating with 4 mol % of Yb{sup 3+} under 800 nm femtosecond laser excitation. Yb{sup 3+} acting as bridging ion increases the energy transfer efficiency from Nd{sup 3+} {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} level to Ho{sup 3+} in these triply doped systems. The nonradiative energy transfer efficiency from Nd{sup 3+} {sup 4}F{sub 3/2} to Yd{sup 3+} {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} level can reach to 56%. The UC emission mechanisms are proposed based on spectral, kinetic, and pump power dependence analyses. The green UC emission is accomplished through a multi-ion interaction involving ground state absorption by the Nd{sup 3+} ({sup 4}I{sub 9/2}{yields}{sup 2}H{sub 9/2},{sup 4}F{sub 5/2}) followed by three successive energy transfer processes involving one Nd{sup 3+}-Yb{sup 3+} ({sup 4}F{sub 3/2}+{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}{yields}{sup 4}I{sub 9/2}+{sup 2}F{sub 5/2}) and two Yb{sup 3+}-Ho{sup 3+} pairs ({sup 2}F{sub 5/2}+{sup 5}I{sub 8}{yields}{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}+{sup 5}I{sub 6} and {sup 2}F{sub 5/2}+{sup 5}I{sub 6}{yields}{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}+{sup 5}S{sub 2},{sup 5}F{sub 4}); whereas the red is dominated by excited state absorption of the Ho{sup 3+} ({sup 5}I{sub 7}{yields}{sup 5}F{sub 5}) following two successive energy transfer processes involving the Nd{sup 3+}-Yb{sup 3+} ({sup 4}F{sub 3/2}+{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}{yields}{sup 4}I{sub 9/2}+{sup 2}F{sub 5/2}) and Yb{sup 3+}-Ho{sup 3+} pairs ({sup 2}F{sub 5/2}+{sup 5}I{sub 8}{yields}{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}+{sup 5}I{sub 6}) followed by the Ho{sup 3+} nonradiative relaxation to {sup 5}I{sub 7}.
- OSTI ID:
- 21182631
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 6; Other Information: DOI: 10.1063/1.2982396; (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0021-8979
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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