Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterised by defects in nucleotide excision repair, ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensitivity and increased skin carcinoma. Compared to other complementation groups, XP-F patients show relatively mild cutaneous symptoms. DNA interstrand cross-linking agents are a highly cytotoxic class of DNA damage induced by common cancer chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and nitrogen mustards. Although the XPF-ERCC1 structure-specific endonuclease is required for the repair of ICLs cellular sensitivity of primary human XP-F cells has not been established. In clonogenic survival assays, primary fibroblasts from XP-F patients were moderately sensitive to both UVC and HN2 compared to normal cells (2- to 3-fold and 3- to 5-fold, respectively). XP-A fibroblasts were considerably more sensitive to UVC (10- to 12-fold) but not sensitive to HN2. The sensitivity of XP-F fibroblasts to HN2 correlated with the defective incision or 'unhooking' step of ICL repair. Using the comet assay, XP-F cells exhibited only 20% residual unhooking activity over 24 h. Over the same time, normal and XP-A cells unhooked greater than 95% and 62% of ICLs, respectively. After HN2 treatment, ICL-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are detected by pulse field gel electrophoresis in dividing cells. Induction and repair of DNA DSBs was normal in XP-Fmore »
- Authors:
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, Department of Oncology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 91 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7BS (United Kingdom). E-mail: p.clingen@ucl.ac.uk
- Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Middlesex, UB8 3PH (United Kingdom)
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, Department of Oncology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 91 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7BS (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- OSTI Identifier:
- 20972122
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Resource Relation:
- Journal Name: Experimental Cell Research; Journal Volume: 313; Journal Issue: 4; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.007; PII: S0014-4827(06)00481-2; Copyright (c) 2006 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; CARCINOMAS; CHEMOTHERAPY; CONGENITAL DISEASES; DNA; EXCISION REPAIR; FIBROBLASTS; HEREDITARY DISEASES; SENSITIVITY; SKIN DISEASES; STRAND BREAKS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Citation Formats
Clingen, Peter H., Arlett, Colin F., Hartley, John A., and Parris, Christopher N.. Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links. United States: N. p., 2007.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.007.
Clingen, Peter H., Arlett, Colin F., Hartley, John A., & Parris, Christopher N.. Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links. United States. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.007.
Clingen, Peter H., Arlett, Colin F., Hartley, John A., and Parris, Christopher N.. Thu .
"Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links". United States.
doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.007.
@article{osti_20972122,
title = {Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links},
author = {Clingen, Peter H. and Arlett, Colin F. and Hartley, John A. and Parris, Christopher N.},
abstractNote = {Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterised by defects in nucleotide excision repair, ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensitivity and increased skin carcinoma. Compared to other complementation groups, XP-F patients show relatively mild cutaneous symptoms. DNA interstrand cross-linking agents are a highly cytotoxic class of DNA damage induced by common cancer chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and nitrogen mustards. Although the XPF-ERCC1 structure-specific endonuclease is required for the repair of ICLs cellular sensitivity of primary human XP-F cells has not been established. In clonogenic survival assays, primary fibroblasts from XP-F patients were moderately sensitive to both UVC and HN2 compared to normal cells (2- to 3-fold and 3- to 5-fold, respectively). XP-A fibroblasts were considerably more sensitive to UVC (10- to 12-fold) but not sensitive to HN2. The sensitivity of XP-F fibroblasts to HN2 correlated with the defective incision or 'unhooking' step of ICL repair. Using the comet assay, XP-F cells exhibited only 20% residual unhooking activity over 24 h. Over the same time, normal and XP-A cells unhooked greater than 95% and 62% of ICLs, respectively. After HN2 treatment, ICL-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are detected by pulse field gel electrophoresis in dividing cells. Induction and repair of DNA DSBs was normal in XP-F fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate that in primary human fibroblasts, XPF is required for the unhooking of ICLs and not for the induction or repair of ICL-associated DNA DSBs induced by HN2. In terms of cancer chemotherapy, people with mild DNA repair defects affecting ICL repair may be more prevalent in the general population than expected. Since cellular sensitivity of primary human fibroblasts usually reflects clinical sensitivity such patients with cancer would be at risk of increased toxicity.},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.007},
journal = {Experimental Cell Research},
number = 4,
volume = 313,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2007},
month = {Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2007}
}
-
Alkaline elution is a sensitive and commonly used technique to detect cellular DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks and DNA cross-links. Conventional alkaline elution procedures have extensive equipment requirements and are tedious to perform. Our laboratory recently presented a rapid, simplified, and sensitive modification of the alkaline elution technique to detect carcinogen-induced DNA strand breaks. In the present study, we have further modified this technique to enable the rapid characterization of chemically induced DNA-interstrand and DNA-protein associated cross-links in cultured epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to three known DNA cross-linking agents, nitrogen mustard (HN/sub 2/), mitomycin Cmore »
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DNA interstrand cross-links induce futile repair synthesis in mammalian cell extracts
No abstract prepared. -
A Bridging Water Anchors the Tethered 5-(3-Aminopropyl)-2′-deoxyuridine Amine in the DNA Major Groove Proximate to the N+2 C·G Base Pair: Implications for Formation of Interstrand 5′-GNC-3′ Cross-Links by Nitrogen Mustards
Site-specific insertion of t-(3-aminopropyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (Z3dU) and 7-deaza-dG into the Dickerson-Drew dodecamers 5'-d(C{sup 1}G{sup 2}C{sup 3}G{sup 4}A{sup 5}A{sup 6}T{sup 7}T{sup 8}C{sup 9}{und Z}{sup 10}C{sup 11}G{sup 12})-3'{center_dot}5'-d (C{sup 13}G{sup 14}C{sup 15}G{sup 16}A{sup 17}A{sup 18}T{sup 19}T{sup 20}C{sup 21}{und Z}{sup 22}C{sup 23}G{sup 24})-3' (named DDD{sup Z10}) and 5'-d(C{sup 1}G{sup 2}C{sup 3}G{sup 4}A{sup 5}A{sup 6}T{sup 7}{und X}{sup 20}C{sup 21}{und Z}{sup 22}C{sup 23}G{sup 24})-3' (named DDD{sup 2+Z10}) (X = 73dU; Z = 7-deaza-dG) suggests a mechanism underlying the formation of interstrand N+2 DNA cross-links by nitrogen mustards, e.g., melphalan and mechlorethamine. Analysis of the DDD{sup 2+Z10} duplex reveals that the tethered cations at base pairs A{supmore » -
Structure of a DNA glycosylase that unhooks interstrand cross-links
DNA glycosylases are important editing enzymes that protect genomic stability by excising chemically modified nucleobases that alter normal DNA metabolism. These enzymes have been known only to initiate base excision repair of small adducts by extrusion from the DNA helix. However, recent reports have described both vertebrate and microbial DNA glycosylases capable of unhooking highly toxic interstrand cross-links (ICLs) and bulky minor groove adducts normally recognized by Fanconi anemia and nucleotide excision repair machinery, although the mechanisms of these activities are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Streptomyces sahachiroi AlkZ (previously Orf1), a bacterial DNA glycosylase that protectsmore » -
Interstrand cross-links are preferentially formed at the d(GC) sites in the reaction between cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and DNA
A DNA restriction fragment with convergent SP6 and T7 promoters has undergone reaction with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) and was then used as a template for RNA synthesis in vitro. The T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases generate fragments of defined sizes. Analysis of the RNA fragments shows that the polymerases are mainly blocked at the level of the d(GG) and d(AG) sites and to a lesser extent at the level of the d(GC) sites. The adducts at the d(GC) sites are more resistant to cyanide ion attack than those at the major sited and are identified as interstrand cross-links. The formation ofmore »