Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in Phoenix, AZ, using positive matrix factorization
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA (United States)
Speciated particulate matter PM2.5 data collected as Part. of the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) program in Phoenix, AZ, from April 2001 through October 2003 were analyzed using the multivariate receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF). Over 250 samples and 24 species were used, including the organic carbon and elemental carbon analytical temperature fractions from the thermal optical reflectance method. A two-step approach was used. First, the species excluding the carbon fractions were used, and initially eight factors were identified; non-soil potassium was calculated and included to better refine the burning factor. Next, the mass associated with the burning factor was removed, and the data set rerun with the carbon fractions. Results were very similar (i.e., within a few percent), but this step enabled a separation of the mobile factor into gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions. The identified factors were burning (on average 2% of the mass), secondary transport (7%), regional power generation (13%), dust (25%), nitrate (9%), industrial As/Pb/Se (2%), Cu/Ni/V (7%), diesel (9%), and general mobile (26%). Most of the long-range transport of emissions emanates from south of Phoenix in Southeastern Arizona, West Texas, and Mexico, which are significant source regions of SO{sub 2} emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants. The overall contribution from mobile sources also increased, as some mass (OC and nitrate) from the nitrate and regional power generation factors were apportioned with the mobile factors. This approach allowed better apportionment of carbon as well as total mass. Additionally, the use of multiple supporting analyses, including air mass trajectories, activity trends, and emission inventory information, helped increase confidence in factor identification. 86 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.
- OSTI ID:
- 20939440
- Journal Information:
- Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 57, Issue 6; ISSN 1047-3289
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
POLLUTION SOURCES
PARTICULATES
NITRATES
USA
ARIZONA
POWER GENERATION
PARTICLE SIZE
COAL
FUEL OILS
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
VEHICLES
MOBILE POLLUTANT SOURCES
STATIONARY POLLUTANT SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
SULFUR DIOXIDE
LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT
COMBUSTION
DIESEL FUELS
TRACE AMOUNTS
METALS
MINING
GASOLINE
SAMPLING
WIND
DATA ANALYSIS
LEAST SQUARE FIT
AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
SOILS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS