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Title: Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns

Abstract

We investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of size-segregated particulate samples (particulate matter, PM) from contrasting air pollution situations in Europe. Coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.2), and ultrafine (PM0.2) particulate samples were collected with a modified Harvard high-volume cascade impactor (HVCI). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the samples for 24 h. Selected inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), were measured together with cytotoxicity (MTT test), and analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle (propidium iodide staining). The PM10-2.5 samples had a much higher inflammatory activity than the PM2.5-0.2 and PM0.2 samples, but the PM2.5-0.2 samples showed the largest differences in inflammatory activity, and the PM0.2 samples in cytotoxicity, between the sampling campaigns. The PM2.5-0.2 samples from traffic environments in springtime Barcelona and summertime Athens had the highest inflammatory activities, which may be related to the high photochemical activity in the atmosphere during the sampling campaigns. The PM0.2 sample from wintertime Prague with proven impacts from local coal and biomass combustion had very high cytotoxic and apoptotic activities and caused a distinct cell cycle arrest. Thus, particulate size, sources, and atmospheric transformation processes affect the toxicity profilemore » of urban air particulate matter. These factors may explain some of the heterogeneity observed in particulate exposure-response relationships of human health effects in epidemiological studies.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  [1]
  1. National Public Health Institute, Kuopio (Finland). Dept. for Environmental Health
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
20892685
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Inhalation Toxicology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0895-8378
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; PARTICULATES; AIR POLLUTION; PARTICLE SIZE; URBAN AREAS; EXHAUST GASES; VEHICLES; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; EUROPE; COAL; BIOMASS; POLLUTION SOURCES; PUBLIC HEALTH; RATS; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; TOXICITY; INFLAMMATION

Citation Formats

Jalava, P I, Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Sillanpaa, M, Halinen, A I, Happo, M S, Hillamo, R, Brunekreef, B, Katsouyanni, K, Sunyer, J, and Hirvonen, M R. Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns. United States: N. p., 2007. Web. doi:10.1080/08958370601067863.
Jalava, P I, Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Sillanpaa, M, Halinen, A I, Happo, M S, Hillamo, R, Brunekreef, B, Katsouyanni, K, Sunyer, J, & Hirvonen, M R. Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns. United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370601067863
Jalava, P I, Salonen, R O, Pennanen, A S, Sillanpaa, M, Halinen, A I, Happo, M S, Hillamo, R, Brunekreef, B, Katsouyanni, K, Sunyer, J, and Hirvonen, M R. 2007. "Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns". United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370601067863.
@article{osti_20892685,
title = {Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns},
author = {Jalava, P I and Salonen, R O and Pennanen, A S and Sillanpaa, M and Halinen, A I and Happo, M S and Hillamo, R and Brunekreef, B and Katsouyanni, K and Sunyer, J and Hirvonen, M R},
abstractNote = {We investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of size-segregated particulate samples (particulate matter, PM) from contrasting air pollution situations in Europe. Coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.2), and ultrafine (PM0.2) particulate samples were collected with a modified Harvard high-volume cascade impactor (HVCI). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the samples for 24 h. Selected inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), were measured together with cytotoxicity (MTT test), and analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle (propidium iodide staining). The PM10-2.5 samples had a much higher inflammatory activity than the PM2.5-0.2 and PM0.2 samples, but the PM2.5-0.2 samples showed the largest differences in inflammatory activity, and the PM0.2 samples in cytotoxicity, between the sampling campaigns. The PM2.5-0.2 samples from traffic environments in springtime Barcelona and summertime Athens had the highest inflammatory activities, which may be related to the high photochemical activity in the atmosphere during the sampling campaigns. The PM0.2 sample from wintertime Prague with proven impacts from local coal and biomass combustion had very high cytotoxic and apoptotic activities and caused a distinct cell cycle arrest. Thus, particulate size, sources, and atmospheric transformation processes affect the toxicity profile of urban air particulate matter. These factors may explain some of the heterogeneity observed in particulate exposure-response relationships of human health effects in epidemiological studies.},
doi = {10.1080/08958370601067863},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20892685}, journal = {Inhalation Toxicology},
issn = {0895-8378},
number = 3,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2007},
month = {Thu Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2007}
}