Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Model for Independent Particle Motion

Other · · Handbook of Nuclear Physics
 [1]
  1. Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)

Independent particle model in nuclear physics assumes that the nucleon in the nucleus moves in the average (mean field) potential generated by all other nucleons. This chapter gives a short overview of basic features of the independent particle motion in atomic nuclei and its theoretical realization in the framework of shell models for spherical, deformed, and rotating nuclei as well as in more sophisticated approaches such as microscopic+macroscopic model and density functional theories. Independent particle motion of nucleons leads to global and single-particle consequences. The global ones manifest themselves in the shell structure, and its consequences for the global structure of nuclear landscape, the existence of superheavy nuclei, and the superdeformation at high spin are briefly reviewed. Finally, the latter shows itself in the single-particle properties such as energies, alignments, and densities; their manifestations are illustrated on specific examples.

Research Organization:
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
DOE Contract Number:
SC0013037
OSTI ID:
1991776
Journal Information:
Handbook of Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Handbook of Nuclear Physics
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (90)

Shell effects in nuclear masses and deformation energies journal April 1967
Relativistic Hartree?Bogoliubov theory: static and dynamic aspects of exotic nuclear structure journal April 2005
Solving the eigenvalue problem of the nuclear Yukawa-folded mean-field Hamiltonian journal February 2016
Particle Derivation of Nuclear Rotation Properties Associated with a Surface Wave journal November 1954
Relativistic continuum Hartree Bogoliubov theory for ground-state properties of exotic nuclei journal October 2006
The limits of the nuclear landscape journal June 2012
Superdeformed bands in 32 S and neighboring nuclei predicted within the Hartree-Fock method journal February 2000
Beyond the Unified Model journal March 2018
Rotational excitations in rare-earth nuclei: A comparative study within three cranking models with different mean fields and treatments of pairing correlations journal May 2020
Rod-shaped Nuclei at Extreme Spin and Isospin journal July 2015
Single-particle energies, wave functions, quadrupole moments and g-factors in an axially deformed woods-saxon potential with applications to the two-centre-type nuclear problems journal September 1987
Nuclear magic numbers: New features far from stability journal October 2008
Structure of superdeformed bands in the A ≈ 150 mass region journal October 1989
Polarization effects in superdeformed nuclei journal August 1998
Cluster structures, ellipsoidal shapes and nuclear molecules in light A = 12-50 nuclei journal January 2018
Rotational properties of 252, 253, 254No: influence of pairing correlations journal January 2001
Time-odd mean fields in the rotating frame: Microscopic nature of nuclear magnetism journal August 2000
Closed shells for Z > 82 and N > 126 in a diffuse potential well journal September 1966
A systematic comparison between the Nilsson and Woods-Saxon deformed shell model potentials journal February 1989
Progress on tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory for nuclear magnetic and antimagnetic rotation journal February 2013
Description of structure and properties of superheavy nuclei journal January 2007
Single-particle spatial dispersion and clusters in nuclei journal June 2018
Shape evolution in yttrium and niobium neutron-rich isotopes journal April 2011
Time-odd components in the mean field of rotating superdeformed nuclei journal October 1995
Nuclear ground-state masses and deformations: FRDM(2012) journal May 2016
DIRHB—A relativistic self-consistent mean-field framework for atomic nuclei journal June 2014
Relativistic Density Functional for Nuclear Structure book September 2015
Mean field based calculations with the Gogny force: Some theoretical tools to explore the nuclear structure journal May 2014
Extension of the nuclear landscape to hyperheavy nuclei journal March 2019
Observation of a Discrete-Line Superdeformed Band up to 60 ℏ in Dy 152 journal August 1986
Super-heavy element research journal February 2015
Deformed one-quasiparticle states in covariant density functional theory journal December 2011
Spin-orbit splittings of neutron states in N = 20 isotones from covariant density functionals and their extensions journal March 2017
Funny Hills: The Shell-Correction Approach to Nuclear Shell Effects and Its Applications to the Fission Process journal April 1972
Pairing and rotational properties of actinides and superheavy nuclei in covariant density functional theory journal July 2013
Neutron drip line: Single-particle degrees of freedom and pairing properties as sources of theoretical uncertainties journal January 2015
Nuclear “bubble” structure in Si 34 journal March 2009
High spin states in 20Ne from 16O(α, α) scattering journal January 1972
Structure of even-even nuclei using a mapped collective Hamiltonian and the D1S Gogny interaction journal January 2010
Time-odd mean fields in covariant density functional theory: Nonrotating systems journal January 2010
From cluster structures to nuclear molecules: The role of nodal structure of the single-particle wave functions journal February 2018
Relativistic nuclear energy density functionals: Mean-field and beyond journal July 2011
Additivity of Quadrupole Moments in Superdeformed Bands: Single-Particle Motion at Extreme Conditions journal December 1996
Relativistic mean field calculations with density-dependent meson-nucleon coupling journal September 1999
Dynamics of the shell model journal April 1985
Superdeformations in Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Mean Field Theories journal January 2000
Central depression in nucleonic densities: Trend analysis in the nuclear density functional theory approach journal August 2017
Relativistic calculation of nuclear matter and the nuclear surface journal December 1977
Many-body approach to superfluid nuclei in axial geometry journal April 2022
High-spin phenomena in atomic nuclei journal October 1983
Quasiparticle spectra near the yrast line journal September 1979
Survey of single-particle states in the mass region A > 228 journal October 1977
Nuclear shell structure at very high angular momentum journal September 1976
Nuclear Moments of Inertia due to Nucleon Motion in a Rotating Well journal September 1956
Searching for a 4 α linear-chain structure in excited states of O 16 with covariant density functional theory journal November 2014
Additivity of effective quadrupole moments and angular momentum alignments in A ~ 130 nuclei journal September 2007
Colloquium : Superheavy elements: Oganesson and beyond journal January 2019
Covariant density functional theory: Reexamining the structure of superheavy nuclei journal November 2015
Table of Superdeformed Nuclear Bands and Fission Isomers journal October 2002
Cranked relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov theory: formalism and application to the superdeformed bands in the A∼190 region journal August 2000
Hyperheavy spherical and toroidal nuclei: The role of shell structure journal March 2021
Structure of the low-lying states of the odd-neutron nuclei with Z ≈ 100 journal February 2015
Self-consistent methods for structure and production of heavy and superheavy nuclei journal March 2021
Description of rotating N = Z nuclei in terms of isovector pairing journal June 2005
Rotational bands and particle-hole excitations at very high spin journal March 1985
Pairing fluctuations in rapidly rotating nuclei journal January 1989
Relativistic mean field theory in rotating frame: Single-particle properties at superdeformation journal May 1998
Termination of rotational bands: disappearance of quantum many-body collectivity journal December 1999
Toroidal and spherical bubble nuclei journal May 1973
Shell structure in nuclei journal August 1978
High spin properties of the Er and Yb isotopes with the Gogny force journal March 1994
Superheavy nuclei in a microscopic collective Hamiltonian approach: The impact of beyond-mean-field correlations on ground state and fission properties journal June 2019
Self-consistent mean-field models for nuclear structure journal January 2003
One-quasiparticle states in the nuclear energy density functional theory journal February 2010
Impact of collective vibrations on quasiparticle states of open-shell odd-mass nuclei and possible interference with the tensor force journal October 2015
Orbital and spin assignment of SD bands in the Dy/Gd region — identical bands journal May 1993
Nuclear liquid-drop model and surface-curvature effects journal April 2003
A relativistic description of rotating nuclei: The yrast line of 20Ne journal February 1989
Triaxial shape with rotation around the longest principal axis in Gd 142 journal September 2008
Smooth Termination of Collective Rotational Bands journal May 1995
Relativistic mean field theory for finite nuclei journal February 1990
Linear Chain Structure of Four- α Clusters in O 16 journal September 2011
A proton density bubble in the doubly magic 34Si nucleus journal October 2016
Extended investigation of superdeformed bands inTb151,152nuclei journal January 2008
Properties of single-particle states in a fully self-consistent particle-vibration coupling approach journal April 2014
Shell structure of superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models journal August 1999
Nuclear mass formula with a Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic model and a folded-Yukawa single-particle potential journal May 1981
On the nuclear structure and stability of heavy and superheavy elements journal June 1969
Properties of nuclei in the nobelium region studied within the covariant, Skyrme, and Gogny energy density functionals journal December 2015
Central depression in nuclear density and its consequences for the shell structure of superheavy nuclei journal February 2005