Investigating Multi-Microgrid Black Start Methods Using Grid-Forming Inverters
This paper examines state-of-the-art microgrid (MG) black-start technologies with grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) and proposes black start and interconnection methods for 100% inverter-based MGs. A multiple-MG approach is proposed and compared to the existing methods in a 4-bus, 12-GFM inverter simulation test setup. This investigation involves intelligent synchronization units that enable the autonomous synchronization of multiple MGs based on their terminal measurements. MGs in this setup are held at different loading levels and comprise averaged models of GFM inverters. The results of the black-start techniques are compared, and conclusions are drawn to better prepare MG planners and distribution system operators for next-generation, multi-MG, GFM inverter-based, black-start procedures.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- OSTI ID:
- 1973223
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-5D00-86222; MainId:86995; UUID:2fac93ae-d809-4233-91e1-95bfa854a887; MainAdminID:69462
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Presented at the 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 16-19 January 2023, Washington, D.C.; Related Information: 83956
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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