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Investigating Multi-Microgrid Black Start Methods Using Grid-Forming Inverters

Conference ·

This paper examines state-of-the-art microgrid (MG) black-start technologies with grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) and proposes black start and interconnection methods for 100% inverter-based MGs. A multiple-MG approach is proposed and compared to the existing methods in a 4-bus, 12-GFM inverter simulation test setup. This investigation involves intelligent synchronization units that enable the autonomous synchronization of multiple MGs based on their terminal measurements. MGs in this setup are held at different loading levels and comprise averaged models of GFM inverters. The results of the black-start techniques are compared, and conclusions are drawn to better prepare MG planners and distribution system operators for next-generation, multi-MG, GFM inverter-based, black-start procedures.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1973223
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5D00-86222; MainId:86995; UUID:2fac93ae-d809-4233-91e1-95bfa854a887; MainAdminID:69462
Resource Relation:
Conference: Presented at the 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 16-19 January 2023, Washington, D.C.; Related Information: 83956
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (7)

A Model Predictive Control Based Generator Start-Up Optimization Strategy for Restoration With Microgrids as Black-Start Resources journal November 2018
Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035 report September 2022
Addressing technical challenges in 100% variable inverter‐based renewable energy power systems journal May 2020
Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends journal January 2021
Autonomous Microgrid Restoration Using Grid-Forming Inverters and Smart Circuit Breakers conference July 2022
Blackstart of Power Grids with Inverter-Based Resources conference August 2020
Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters report November 2020