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Investigating Multi-Microgrid Black Start Methods Using Grid-Forming Inverters

Conference ·
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This paper examines state-of-the-art microgrid (MG) black-start technologies with grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) and proposes black start and interconnection methods for 100% inverter-based MGs. A multiple-MG approach is proposed and compared to the existing methods in a 4-bus, 12-GFM inverter simulation test setup. This investigation involves intelligent synchronization units that enable the autonomous synchronization of multiple MGs based on their terminal measurements. MGs in this setup are held at different loading levels and comprise averaged models of GFM inverters. The results of the black-start techniques are compared, and conclusions are drawn to better prepare MG planners and distribution system operators for next-generation, multi-MG, GFM inverter-based, black-start procedures.
Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1973223
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5D00-86222; MainId:86995; UUID:2fac93ae-d809-4233-91e1-95bfa854a887; MainAdminID:69462
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (10)

Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters report November 2020
A Model Predictive Control Based Generator Start-Up Optimization Strategy for Restoration With Microgrids as Black-Start Resources journal November 2018
Autonomous Microgrid Restoration Using Grid-Forming Inverters and Smart Circuit Breakers conference July 2022
Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends journal January 2021
Addressing technical challenges in 100% variable inverter‐based renewable energy power systems journal May 2020
Blackstart of Power Grids with Inverter-Based Resources conference August 2020
Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035 report September 2022
Distributed Control Strategy to Achieve Synchronized Operation of an Islanded MG journal July 2019
System Restoration Strategies Using Distributed Energy Resources conference January 2021
Considerations when using utility-scale battery storage to black start a gas turbine generator conference July 2017

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Related Subjects

POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
black start
bottom-up restoration
grid-forming inverter
inverter-based resources
microgrid
synchrobreaker