Fuel Cell Stack Model for Real-Time Simulation of Grid-Connected Applications
Fuel cell stacks coupled with electrolyzers and hydrogen storage sites can be a promising category of distributed energy resources for both grid-connected and stand-alone power systems. However, because of high costs, at-scale hardware testing of fuel cell stacks for grid-connected applications is not economically viable at present. A model-based system that can accurately captures the steady-state and dynamic response of fuel cell stacks over long time periods (hours), is needed. This paper demonstrate a real-time electromagnetic transient model of a megawatt-scale, grid-connected proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, coupled with a mass-based hydrogen storage system. This model can emulate the electrical steady-state and dynamic response of grid-connected fuel cell stacks. We validate the model using the response of commercial hardware fuel cell stacks and analytical models in the literature - using a digital real-time simulator (RSCAD). The proposed real-time model is then used to simulate cases spanning different time horizons and to design controller-hardware-in-the-loop experiments to evaluate controllers for hydrogen stations.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- OSTI ID:
- 1959959
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-5D00-83506; MainId:84279; UUID:9fa569a6-2e0e-484f-8cac-0ce5782cdf66; MainAdminID:68914
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Presented at the 2022 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), 9-11 October 2022, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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