Intercalation mechanisms and time dependencies of work parameters of electrochromic layers
- Humboldt Univ., Berlin (Germany). Inst. of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
The phenomenon of electrochromism offers new routes for convenient devices of light modulation which can be exploited for the fabrication of several optical devices of technological importance. Electrochromic devices have a significant potential for the use as ``smart`` windows for the control of light transmission in response to the change in brightness of the environment, anti-glare rear view mirrors and sun roofs for automobiles, large area optical information displays and consumer sun glasses, just to cite the most relevant examples. This paper describes some essential properties of all-solid-state transmissive electrochromic devices based on a combination of polyaniline (PANI) and tungsten trioxide (WO{sub 3}) layers on ITO sandwiching a proton conducting polymeric layer. The single electrochromic layers were prepared by electrochemical deposition onto ITO/glass electrodes. Proton conducting polymeric electrolytes were prepared by mixing protonic acids with (poly)vinylalcohol. The fabricated all solid-state electrochromic devices exhibit electrochromic response times with color contrasts of about 50% in the range between 0.1 and 1 s, depending on the thickness of the single electrochromic layers, on the cell voltage, on the ion conductivity of the polymeric layer and on the electronic conductivity of the ITO layers. The observed color can be changed from transparent clear yellow to deep blue by applied voltages in the range between 0.5--2 V. The response time of the single investigated electrochromic layers is governed by the rate of proton transport within the layers. The response times of single PANI/ITO/glass half cells in acid aqueous electrolytes show asymmetric characteristics and can be less than 0.2 s.
- OSTI ID:
- 194830
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9404167-; ISBN 0-8194-1564-2; TRN: IM9611%%332
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: SPIE 13: international symposium on optical materials technology for energy efficiency and solar energy conversion, Freiburg (Germany), 18-22 Apr 1994; Other Information: PBD: 1994; Related Information: Is Part Of Optical materials technology for energy efficiency and solar energy conversion XIII; Wittwer, V. [ed.] [Fraunhofer Inst. for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg (Germany)]; Granqvist, C.G. [ed.] [Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Technology]; Lampert, C. [ed.] [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy and Environment Div.]; PB: 863 p.; Proceedings/SPIE, Volume 2255
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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