Assessing the Value of Electric Vehicle Managed Charging: A Review of Methodologies and Results

Anwar, Muhammad Bashar; Muratori, Matteo; Jadun, Paige; Hale, Elaine; Bush, Brian; Denholm, Paul; Ma, Ookie; Podkaminer, Kara

doi:10.1039/D1EE02206G

Assessing the Value of Electric Vehicle Managed Charging: A Review of Methodologies and Results

Journal Article · 07 January 2022 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE02206G· OSTI ID:1855379

Anwar, Muhammad Bashar; ; ; ; Bush, Brian; ; Ma, Ookie; Podkaminer, Kara

Driven by technological progress and growing global attention for sustainability, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is on the rise. Large-scale EV adoption would both disrupt the transportation sector and lead to far-reaching consequences for energy and electricity systems, including new opportunities for significant load growth. Unmanaged EV charging can stress existing grid infrastructure, possibly leading to operational, reliability, and planning challenges both at the bulk and distribution levels. However, effective management of EV charging can resolve these challenges and provide additional value. The demand-side flexibility provided by managed EV charging offers significant potential benefits for the grid over multiple timescales and applications. Managed charging can support power system planning and operations during normal and extreme conditions, benefitting EV owners and other electricity consumers. However, the costs of enabling these services must be weighed against the benefits they provide. We summarize the benefits of managed EV charging, provide an overview of the landscape of existing implementations and costs of managed charging in the United States, critically review the state of the art of methodologies in analysis/modeling studies, and quantify the cost and benefits of managed charging as reported in the reviewed studies. Finally, we distill several key insights outlining the factors affecting the value of managed EV charging and identify critical gaps and remaining challenges to fully realize effective EV-grid integration.

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Strategic Programs (EE-SP)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1855379

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5400-81641; MainId:82414; UUID:8e2f34e6-dd85-4534-99e9-6e816038f357; MainAdminID:64036

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 15

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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OR Forum—Modeling the Impacts of Electricity Tariffs on Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging, Costs, and Emissions Sioshansi, Ramteen Operations Research, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1120.1038	journal	June 2012
Future Opportunities and Challenges with Using Demand Response as a Resource in Distribution System Operation and Planning Activities Cappers, Peter; MacDonald, Jason; Page, Janie https://doi.org/10.2172/1333622	report	January 2016
Electrification Futures Study: Scenarios of Electric Technology Adoption and Power Consumption for the United States Mai, Trieu T.; Jadun, Paige; Logan, Jeffrey S. https://doi.org/10.2172/1459351	report	June 2018
The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study (LA100): Executive Summary Cochran, Jaquelin; Denholm, Paul; Mooney, Meghan https://doi.org/10.2172/1774871	report	March 2021
Electrification Futures Study: Operational Analysis of U.S. Power Systems with Increased Electrification and Demand-Side Flexibility Zhou, Ella; Mai, Trieu https://doi.org/10.2172/1785329	report	May 2021
Evaluation of Utility System Impacts and Benefits of Optimally Dispatched Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Revised) Denholm, P.; Short, W. https://doi.org/10.2172/888683	report	October 2006
Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network Deb, Sanchari; Tammi, Kari; Kalita, Karuna Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11010178	journal	January 2018
Quantifying the Flexibility of Electric Vehicles in Germany and California—A Case Study Zade, Michel; You, Zhengjie; Kumaran Nalini, Babu Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215617	journal	October 2020
MV and LV Residential Grid Impact of Combined Slow and Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles Leemput, Niels; Geth, Frederik; Van Roy, Juan Energies, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/en8031760	journal	March 2015
Profitability of Frequency Regulation by Electric Vehicles in Denmark and Japan Considering Battery Degradation Costs Calearo, Lisa; Marinelli, Mattia World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11030048	journal	July 2020
Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles for Economic Benefits: A Review Patil, Harshavardhan; Nago Kalkhambkar, Vaiju Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2019.000326	journal	January 2021

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