High-Temperature-Performance Cyanate Ester Composites with Carboranes

Goyal, Shailja; Forrester, Michael J.; Coverdell, Danielle; Torres, Sabrina; Lee, Mark W.; Cochran, Eric W.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01410

High-Temperature-Performance Cyanate Ester Composites with Carboranes

Journal Article · Tue Sep 21 04:00:00 EDT 2021 · Macromolecules

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01410· OSTI ID:1844353

^[1]; ^[1]; Coverdell, Danielle ^[2]; Torres, Sabrina ^[2]; Lee, Mark W. ^[3]; ^[1]

Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Kansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC), Kansas City, MO (United States)
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)

Cyanate ester (CE) is an important class of materials among high-temperature performance thermosets. It is used in aerospace launch vehicles, heat sinks, booms, and trusses of satellites etc. due to its high glass transition temperatures (>220°C), excellent thermal stability, and low flammability. Current approaches to improve the thermal stability of CE include incorporation of siloxanes or phosphorus- based flame retardants (PFRs). In this work, we have explored boron-based hydroxy (PD) and epoxy (EP) functionalized carborane additives to improve the thermal properties of CE. Carborane fillers were solvent blended at various mass loadings in the resin and cured to study their effect on thermal properties. PD and EP carboranes react with CE to form iminocarbonate and oxazolidinone linkages respectively. Cure kinetics studies at different wt% loadings explained that carboranes catalyze the curing reaction by reducing curing activation energy by about 54% and 26% for 10 wt% loadings of PD and EP carboranes respectively. In addition, carborane-filled cyanate ester (CE) nanocomposites demonstrate an exceptionally high thermal stability as compared to the pristine resin in air and inert environment. Our thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments show that the ultimate char yield of the resin can be increased from 0% to as high as 76% and 82% with 30 wt% PD and EP carborane loading respectively at 1000 °C in air. The initial degradation temperature T_d;5 of the composites decreased with increasing carborane loadings in both air and argon. For instance, T_d;5 for CE was 465 and 471.6 °C in argon and air while that for P20 was 437.4 and 452.1 °C. Modulated TGA studies gave evidence of the effect of carboranes on degradation kinetics and the mechanism of the resin in air and inert environment. The effect of bonding between carboranes and CE at various loadings on the thermal expansion of the matrix was also studied using Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA). PD carborane reduced the T_g for P20 to about 225 °C while CE had T_g >350 °C.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Kansas City Nuclear Security Campus (KCNSC), Kansas City, MO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0002839

OSTI ID:: 1844353

Report Number(s):: NSC-614-3600

Journal Information:: Macromolecules, Journal Name: Macromolecules Journal Issue: 19 Vol. 54; ISSN 0024-9297

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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