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In Situ Probing Potassium-ion Intercalation-induced Amorphization in Crystalline Iron Phosphate Cathode Materials

Journal Article · · Nano Letters
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [1]
  1. Oklahoma State University
  2. Washington State University
  3. BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Na-ion and K-ion batteries are promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage applications due to their abundance and low cost. Intercalation of these large ions could cause irreversible structural deformation and partial to complete amorphization in the crystalline electrodes. The designing of new amorphous electrodes is another route to develop electrodes to store these ions reversibly. Lack of understanding of dynamic changes in the amorphous nanostructures during battery operation is the bottleneck for further developments. Here, we report the utilization of in situ digital image correlation and in-operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to probe dynamic changes in the amorphous phase of iron phosphate during potassium intercalation. In-operando XRD demonstrates amorphization in the electrode’s nanostructure during the first charge/discharge cycle. Additionally, the ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy further confirms the amorphization after potassium insertion. In situ strain analysis detects the reversible deformation associated with redox reactions in the amorphous phases. Our approach offers new insights on the mechanisms of ion intercalation in the amorphous nanostructures which are highly potent for development of next-generation batteries.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1827297
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-165478
Journal Information:
Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 18
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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