Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817
Abstract
In this work, we investigate how a phase transition from neutron-star matter to spin-polarized neutron matter affects the equation of state and mass–radius relation of neutron stars. While general extension schemes for the equation of state allow for high pressures inside neutron stars, we find that a phase transition to spin-polarized neutron matter excludes extreme regimes. Hence, such a transition limits the maximum mass of neutron stars that lie below 2.6–2.9 M⊙, depending on the microscopic nuclear forces used, while significantly larger masses could be reached without these constraints. Furthermore, these limits are in good agreement with recent constraints extracted from the neutron-star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. Assuming the description in terms of spin-polarized neutron matter to be valid in the center of neutron stars, we find that stars with a large spin-polarized domain in their core are ruled out by GW170817.
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Darmstadt Univ. of Technology (Germany); GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany). ExtreMe Matter Inst. (EMMI); Max Planck Inst. fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1822725
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-19-27912
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; TRN: US2214495
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 892; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dense matter; equations of state; neutron stars
Citation Formats
Tews, Ingo, and Schwenk, A. Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7232.
Tews, Ingo, & Schwenk, A. Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7232
Tews, Ingo, and Schwenk, A. 2020.
"Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7232. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822725.
@article{osti_1822725,
title = {Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817},
author = {Tews, Ingo and Schwenk, A.},
abstractNote = {In this work, we investigate how a phase transition from neutron-star matter to spin-polarized neutron matter affects the equation of state and mass–radius relation of neutron stars. While general extension schemes for the equation of state allow for high pressures inside neutron stars, we find that a phase transition to spin-polarized neutron matter excludes extreme regimes. Hence, such a transition limits the maximum mass of neutron stars that lie below 2.6–2.9 M⊙, depending on the microscopic nuclear forces used, while significantly larger masses could be reached without these constraints. Furthermore, these limits are in good agreement with recent constraints extracted from the neutron-star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. Assuming the description in terms of spin-polarized neutron matter to be valid in the center of neutron stars, we find that stars with a large spin-polarized domain in their core are ruled out by GW170817.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab7232},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1822725},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
issn = {1538-4357},
number = 1,
volume = 892,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Thu Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Regulator artifacts in uniform matter for chiral interactions
journal, September 2016
- Dyhdalo, A.; Furnstahl, R. J.; Hebeler, K.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 3
Static Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations for Spheres of Fluid
journal, February 1939
- Tolman, Richard C.
- Physical Review, Vol. 55, Issue 4
Equation of state sensitivities when inferring neutron star and dense matter properties
journal, March 2019
- Greif, S. K.; Raaijmakers, G.; Hebeler, K.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4
New Constraints on Radii and Tidal Deformabilities of Neutron Stars from GW170817
journal, June 2018
- Most, Elias R.; Weih, Lukas R.; Rezzolla, Luciano
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 26
Dense matter with eXTP
journal, August 2018
- Watts, Anna L.; Yu, WenFei; Poutanen, Juri
- Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 62, Issue 2
Nuclear Forces and Their Impact on Neutron-Rich Nuclei and Neutron-Rich Matter
journal, October 2015
- Hebeler, K.; Holt, J. D.; Menéndez, J.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 65, Issue 1
A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
journal, April 2013
- Antoniadis, J.; Freire, P. C. C.; Wex, N.
- Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6131
Masses, Radii, and the Equation of State of Neutron Stars
journal, September 2016
- Özel, Feryal; Freire, Paulo
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 1
Colloquium : Three-body forces: From cold atoms to nuclei
journal, January 2013
- Hammer, Hans-Werner; Nogga, Andreas; Schwenk, Achim
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 1
Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817
journal, November 2017
- Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
Colloquium : Measuring the neutron star equation of state using x-ray timing
journal, April 2016
- Watts, Anna L.; Andersson, Nils; Chakrabarty, Deepto
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 2
The Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star
journal, October 1996
- Kalogera, Vassiliki; Baym, Gordon
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 470, Issue 1
Gravitational-Wave Constraints on the Neutron-Star-Matter Equation of State
journal, April 2018
- Annala, Eemeli; Gorda, Tyler; Kurkela, Aleksi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 17
Constraining the Speed of Sound inside Neutron Stars with Chiral Effective Field Theory Interactions and Observations
journal, June 2018
- Tews, I.; Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 2
Quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the equation of state of neutron matter
journal, May 2009
- Gandolfi, S.; Illarionov, A. Yu.; Schmidt, K. E.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 5
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
journal, December 2019
- Riley, T. E.; Watts, A. L.; Bogdanov, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
Quark matter droplets in neutron stars
journal, March 1993
- Heiselberg, H.; Pethick, C. J.; Staubo, E. F.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 10
The Equation of State from Observed Masses and Radii of Neutron Stars
journal, September 2010
- Steiner, Andrew W.; Lattimer, James M.; Brown, Edward F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 722, Issue 1
PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
journal, December 2019
- Miller, M. C.; Lamb, F. K.; Dittmann, A. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Implications for the Dense Matter Equation of State
journal, December 2019
- Raaijmakers, G.; Riley, T. E.; Watts, A. L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
Analyzing the Fierz rearrangement freedom for local chiral two-nucleon potentials
journal, November 2017
- Huth, L.; Tews, I.; Lynn, J. E.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 5
Equation of State and Neutron star Properties Constrained by Nuclear Physics and Observation
journal, July 2013
- Hebeler, K.; Lattimer, J. M.; Pethick, C. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 773, Issue 1
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
journal, December 2017
- Shibata, Masaru; Fujibayashi, Sho; Hotokezaka, Kenta
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 12
Neutron Matter at Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in Chiral Effective Field Theory
journal, January 2013
- Tews, I.; Krüger, T.; Hebeler, K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 3
First-order phase transitions with more than one conserved charge: Consequences for neutron stars
journal, August 1992
- Glendenning, Norman K.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 46, Issue 4
On Massive Neutron Cores
journal, February 1939
- Oppenheimer, J. R.; Volkoff, G. M.
- Physical Review, Vol. 55, Issue 4
Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
journal, January 2018
- Rezzolla, Luciano; Most, Elias R.; Weih, Lukas R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
journal, October 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 16
Chiral Three-Nucleon Interactions in Light Nuclei, Neutron- Scattering, and Neutron Matter
journal, February 2016
- Lynn, J. E.; Tews, I.; Carlson, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 6
A quantum Monte Carlo method for nucleon systems
journal, January 1999
- Schmidt, K. E.; Fantoni, S.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 446, Issue 2
Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces
journal, June 2011
- Machleidt, R.; Entem, D. R.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 503, Issue 1
The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER): an Explorer mission of opportunity for soft x-ray timing spectroscopy
conference, September 2012
- Gendreau, Keith C.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Okajima, Takashi
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar
journal, September 2019
- Cromartie, H. T.; Fonseca, E.; Ransom, S. M.
- Nature Astronomy
Neutron matter from chiral effective field theory interactions
journal, August 2013
- Krüger, T.; Tews, I.; Hebeler, K.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2
Modern theory of nuclear forces
journal, December 2009
- Epelbaum, E.; Hammer, H. -W.; Meißner, Ulf-G.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4
Constraint on the maximum mass of neutron stars using GW170817 event
journal, July 2019
- Shibata, Masaru; Zhou, Enping; Kiuchi, Kenta
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter
journal, October 2002
- Danielewicz, P. &l.
- Science, Vol. 298, Issue 5598
Quantum Monte Carlo Methods in Nuclear Physics: Recent Advances
journal, October 2019
- Lynn, J. E.; Tews, I.; Gandolfi, S.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 69, Issue 1
Nuclear symmetry energy and hadron-quark mixed phase in neutron stars
journal, June 2019
- Wu, X. H.; Shen, H.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 6
Properties of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, January 2019
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 1
The Nanograv Nine-Year data set: mass and Geometric Measurements of Binary Millisecond Pulsars
journal, December 2016
- Fonseca, Emmanuel; Pennucci, Timothy T.; Ellis, Justin A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 2
The equation of state of hot, dense matter and neutron stars
journal, March 2016
- Lattimer, James M.; Prakash, Madappa
- Physics Reports, Vol. 621
To which densities is spin-polarized neutron matter a weakly interacting Fermi gas?
journal, May 2015
- Krüger, T.; Hebeler, K.; Schwenk, A.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 744
From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars
journal, August 2019
- Gandolfi, S.; Lippuner, J.; Steiner, A. W.
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 10
Improved chiral nucleon-nucleon potential up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order
journal, May 2015
- Epelbaum, E.; Krebs, H.; Meißner, U. -G.
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 51, Issue 5
The Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Masses
journal, November 2012
- Lattimer, James M.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star
journal, February 1974
- Rhoades, Clifford E.; Ruffini, Remo
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 6
GW170817, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and the neutron star maximum mass
journal, January 2018
- Ruiz, Milton; Shapiro, Stuart L.; Tsokaros, Antonios
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 2
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
journal, October 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
DETERMINAT10N of Properties of Cold Stars in General Relativity by a Variational Method . .
journal, January 1973
- Nauenberg, Michael; Chapline, George, Jr.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 179
Critical examination of constraints on the equation of state of dense matter obtained from GW170817
journal, October 2018
- Tews, I.; Margueron, J.; Reddy, S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 4
A two-solar-mass neutron star measured using Shapiro delay
journal, October 2010
- Demorest, P. B.; Pennucci, T.; Ransom, S. M.
- Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7319
Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of neutron matter with chiral three-body forces
journal, February 2016
- Tews, I.; Gandolfi, S.; Gezerlis, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 2
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics
journal, September 2015
- Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.; Pederiva, F.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3
Generic conditions for stable hybrid stars
journal, October 2013
- Alford, Mark G.; Han, Sophia; Prakash, Madappa
- Physical Review D, Vol. 88, Issue 8
Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations with Chiral Effective Field Theory Interactions
journal, July 2013
- Gezerlis, A.; Tews, I.; Epelbaum, E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 3
Light hypernuclei based on chiral and phenomenological interactions
journal, September 2013
- Nogga, A.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 914
Chiral 2N and 3N interactions and quantum Monte Carlo applications
journal, January 2016
- Gezerlis, Alexandros
- EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 113
Spin polarized neutron matter and magnetic susceptibility within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation
journal, February 2002
- Vidaña, I.; Polls, A.; Ramos, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 65, Issue 3
Neutron matter with chiral EFT interactions: Perturbative and first QMC calculations
preprint, January 2013
- Tews, I.; Krüger, T.; Gezerlis, A.
- arXiv
Local chiral effective field theory interactions and quantum Monte Carlo applications
text, January 2014
- Gezerlis, A.; Tews, I.; Epelbaum, E.
- arXiv
Nuclear forces and their impact on neutron-rich nuclei and neutron-rich matter
text, January 2015
- Hebeler, K.; Holt, J. D.; Menendez, J.
- arXiv
Jet launching from binary black hole-neutron star mergers: Dependence on black hole spin, binary mass ratio and magnetic field orientation
text, January 2018
- Ruiz, Milton; Shapiro, Stuart L.; Tsokaros, Antonios
- arXiv
Equation of state sensitivities when inferring neutron star and dense matter properties
text, January 2018
- Greif, S. K.; Raaijmakers, G.; Hebeler, K.
- arXiv