The surface triple-coupling on single crystalline cathode for lithium ion batteries

Zhang, Qingqing; Liu, Kai; Li, Cheng; Tan, Susheng; Li, Lu; Sun, Xiao-Guang; Li, Wei; Liu, Xingjiang; Zhang, Jinli; Dai, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106096

Title: The surface triple-coupling on single crystalline cathode for lithium ion batteries

Journal Article · Sat May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nano Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106096· OSTI ID:1808177

Zhang, Qingqing ^[1]; Liu, Kai ^[2];

^[3]; Tan, Susheng ^[4]; Li, Lu ^[5];

^[3]; Li, Wei ^[1]; Liu, Xingjiang ^[6]; Zhang, Jinli ^[1];

^[7]

Tianjin Univ. of Technology, Tianjin (China)
Tianjin Univ. of Technology, Tianjin (China); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Tianjin Institute of Power Sources, Tianjin (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Guizhou Zhenhua New Material Co., Ltd, Guiyang (China)
Tianjin Institute of Power Sources, Tianjin (China). National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Power Sources
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Single crystalline (SC) cathode materials, which are less susceptible to micro/nano-cracks formation and offer better structure stability compared to the polycrystalline counterpart, have attained great attention. However, the parasitic side reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface induces the loss of active species, which consequently leads to continual degradation of the electrochemical performances. Herein, a triple coupling of concentration-gradient Na+, F- co-doping and surface NaF coating are exploited for the first time on SC LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathode by the hydrolysis of NaPF₆. This process regulates the external structure of materials by constructing a “sandwich” configuration from surface to bulk: rock salt - mixing zone - layered phase. The detailed interface transformation mechanism is revealed by Neutron powder diffraction (NPD), spherical aberration corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and Ar+ sputtering assisted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synergistic effects endow the SC cathode with outstanding capacity retentions: 91.3% at 25 °C and 85% at 45 °C, after 500 cycles at 5 C between 3.0 and 4.5 V. In addition, a high full-cell reversible capacity of 168.9 mAh g^-1 with a capacity retention of 92.4% is achieved after 300 cycles at 1 C. Multiple characterizations further indicate that these superior results are mainly ascribed to the overall structure integrity of SC material, the thin cathode electrolyte interface, high content of lithium fluoride, and the low solubility of transition metal ions. This work opens a new avenue to construct a benign interface towards high-performance lithium ion batteries.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1808177

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1817265

Journal Information:: Nano Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 1; ISSN 2211-2855

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2
single crystalline
triple coupling
“sandwich” configuration
lithium ion batteries

Title: The surface triple-coupling on single crystalline cathode for lithium ion batteries

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