Effects of polymeric binders on the cracking behavior of silicon composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling

Wang, Yikai; Dang, Dingying; Li, Dawei; Hu, Jiazhi; Zhan, Xiaowen; Cheng, Yang-Tse

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226938

Title: Effects of polymeric binders on the cracking behavior of silicon composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling

Journal Article · Wed Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226938· OSTI ID:1799373

^[1];

^[1]; Li, Dawei ^[2]; Hu, Jiazhi ^[1];

^[1]; Cheng, Yang-Tse ^[1]

Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States); Shanghai University (China)

Mechanical degradation caused by lithiation/delithiation-induced stress and large volume change is the primary cause of fast capacity fading of silicon (Si)-based electrodes. Although intensive efforts have been devoted to understanding electromechanically induced fractures of electrodes made of Si alone (e.g., Si particles, Si thin films, and Si wafers), the cracking behavior of Si/polymeric binders/carbon black composite electrodes is unclear and poorly understood. Here, we investigate, by in situ and ex situ techniques, the cracking behavior of Si composite electrodes made with different binders, including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), sodium-alginate (SA), sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and Nafion. We found that extensive cracks form during the 1st delithiation process, which periodically open and close during subsequent lithiation/delithiation cycles at the same locations in the Si composite electrodes made with SA, Na-CMC, and Nafion. In contrast, a significantly fewer number of cracks form in the Si/PVDF electrodes after electrochemical cycling. A possible mechanism is proposed to help understand the effects of binders on the cracking behavior (e.g., crack spacing and island size) of Si composite electrodes. We also suggest possible approaches, including reducing the electrode thickness, patterning electrodes, and using highly recoverable binders, to inhibit cracks and improve the mechanical integrity of Si composite electrodes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: General Motors LLC, Detroit, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007787

OSTI ID:: 1799373

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2325527

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 438, Issue C; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (45)

Highly elastic binders integrating polyrotaxanes for silicon microparticle anodes in lithium ion batteries Choi, Sunghun; Kwon, Tae-woo; Coskun, Ali Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6348 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4373	journal	July 2017
Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting–drying cycles Tang, Chao-Sheng; Cui, Yu-Jun; Shi, Bin Geoderma, Vol. 166, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.018	journal	October 2011
The progress of novel binder as a non-ignorable part to improve the performance of Si-based anodes for Li-ion batteries Huang, Shu; Ren, Jianguo; Liu, Rong International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3826	journal	July 2017
Ionically Conductive Self-Healing Binder for Low Cost Si Microparticles Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries Munaoka, Takatoshi; Yan, Xuzhou; Lopez, Jeffrey Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703138	journal	February 2018
Real-Time Measurement of Stress and Damage Evolution during Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Chon, M. J.; Sethuraman, V. A.; McCormick, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.045503	journal	July 2011
Unveiling the Critical Role of Polymeric Binders for Silicon Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Full Cells Xu, Jiagang; Zhang, Long; Wang, Yikai ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11121	journal	January 2017
Anisotropic Swelling and Fracture of Silicon Nanowires during Lithiation Liu, Xiao Hua; Zheng, He; Zhong, Li Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8, p. 3312-3318 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201684d	journal	August 2011
Enabling fast charging – A battery technology gap assessment Ahmed, Shabbir; Bloom, Ira; Jansen, Andrew N. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.055	journal	November 2017
Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing Stein, Malcolm; Mistry, Aashutosh; Mukherjee, Partha P. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1271707jes	journal	January 2017
Improved cycling stability of silicon thin film electrodes through patterning for high energy density lithium batteries Xiao, X.; Liu, P.; Verbrugge, M. W. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.058	journal	February 2011
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Li, Jing; Lewis, R. B.; Dahn, J. R. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2398725	journal	January 2007
Partial lithiation strategies for suppressing degradation of silicon composite electrodes Li, Yu; Lu, Bo; Guo, Bingkun Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.009	journal	February 2019
Mixed Mode Cracking in Layered Materials Hutchinson, J. W.; Suo, Z. Advances in Applied Mechanics, Vol. 29, p. 63-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70164-9	book	January 1991
Measurements of the Fracture Energy of Lithiated Silicon Electrodes of Li-Ion Batteries Pharr, Matt; Suo, Zhigang; Vlassak, Joost J. Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403197m	journal	October 2013
Effects of adhesion and cohesion on the electrochemical performance and durability of silicon composite electrodes Hu, Jiazhi; Wang, Yikai; Li, Dawei Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 397 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.103	journal	September 2018
Electrochemically induced fractures in crystalline silicon anodes Yoon, Taeho; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Liu, Jun Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 425 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.03.105	journal	June 2019
Studies of Lithium-Exchanged Nafion as an Electrode Binder for Alloy Negatives in Lithium-Ion Batteries Garsuch, Rita R.; Le, Dinh-Ba; Garsuch, Arnd Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 155, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2956964	journal	January 2008
Role of polymeric binders on mechanical behavior and cracking resistance of silicon composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling Li, Dawei; Wang, Yikai; Hu, Jiazhi Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 387 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.048	journal	May 2018
A film maturation process for improving the cycle life of Si-based anodes for Li-ion batteries Reale Hernandez, C.; Karkar, Z.; Guyomard, D. Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 61 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2015.10.014	journal	December 2015
Toward Efficient Binders for Li-Ion Battery Si-Based Anodes: Polyacrylic Acid Magasinski, Alexandre; Zdyrko, Bogdan; Kovalenko, Igor ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/am100871y	journal	October 2010
An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments Oliver, W. C.; Pharr, G. M. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 7, Issue 06, p. 1564-1583 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1564	journal	June 1992
Crack Pattern Formation in Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes Li, Juchuan; Dozier, Alan K.; Li, Yunchao Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3574027	journal	January 2011
Internal Microstructural Changes and Stress Evolution in Silicon Nanoparticle Based Composite Electrodes Kumar, Ravi; Woo, Jae Ha; Xiao, Xingcheng Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0951714jes	journal	January 2017
Size-Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles During Lithiation Liu, Xiao Hua; Zhong, Li; Huang, Shan ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204476h	journal	January 2012
The emerging era of supramolecular polymeric binders in silicon anodes Kwon, Tae-woo; Choi, Jang Wook; Coskun, Ali Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00858A	journal	January 2018
A nanoindentation study of the viscoplastic behavior of pure lithium Wang, Yikai; Cheng, Yang-Tse Scripta Materialia, Vol. 130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.006	journal	March 2017
Silicon Microparticle Anodes with Self-Healing Multiple Network Binder Xu, Zhixin; Yang, Jun; Zhang, Tao Joule, Vol. 2, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.02.012	journal	May 2018
Green, Scalable, and Controllable Fabrication of Nanoporous Silicon from Commercial Alloy Precursors for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries An, Yongling; Fei, Huifang; Zeng, Guifang ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02219	journal	April 2018
Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Binders for High-Performance Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries Ryou, Myung-Hyun; Kim, Jangbae; Lee, Inhwa Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201203981	journal	December 2012
Exploring Chemical, Mechanical, and Electrical Functionalities of Binders for Advanced Energy-Storage Devices Chen, Hao; Ling, Min; Hencz, Luke Chemical Reviews, Vol. 118, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00241	journal	August 2018
Critical roles of binders and formulation at multiscales of silicon-based composite electrodes Mazouzi, D.; Karkar, Z.; Reale Hernandez, C. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 280 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.140	journal	April 2015
A simple technique for measuring the fracture energy of lithiated thin-film silicon electrodes at various lithium concentrations Choi, Yong Seok; Pharr, Matt; Oh, Kyu Hwan Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 294 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.063	journal	October 2015
High Capacity Silicon Electrodes with Nafion as Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries Xu, Jiagang; Zhang, Qinglin; Cheng, Yang-Tse Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0261603jes	journal	December 2015
Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements Cheng, Yang-Tse; Cheng, Che-Min Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 44, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2004.05.001	journal	August 2004
An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage Jin, Yang; Liu, Kai; Lang, Jialiang Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9	journal	July 2018
Systematic Investigation of Binders for Silicon Anodes: Interactions of Binder with Silicon Particles and Electrolytes and Effects of Binders on Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation Nguyen, Cao Cuong; Yoon, Taeho; Seo, Daniel M. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b03357	journal	May 2016
A Facile and Very Effective Method to Enhance the Mechanical Strength and the Cyclability of Si-Based Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries Hernandez, Cuauhtémoc Reale; Etiemble, Aurélien; Douillard, Thierry Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701787	journal	October 2017
Quantifying capacity loss due to solid-electrolyte-interphase layer formation on silicon negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries Nadimpalli, Siva P. V.; Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Dalavi, Swapnil Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.004	journal	October 2012
Influence of polymeric binders on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of silicon composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling Wang, Yikai; Dang, Dingying; Li, Dawei Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 425 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.04.006	journal	June 2019
Mechanical Property Evolution of Silicon Composite Electrodes Studied by Environmental Nanoindentation Wang, Yikai; Zhang, Qinglin; Li, Dawei Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702578	journal	January 2018
Silicon oxides: a promising family of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries Liu, Zhenhui; Yu, Qiang; Zhao, Yunlong Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00441B	journal	January 2019
In situ measurement of mechanical property and stress evolution in a composite silicon electrode Li, Dawei; Wang, Yikai; Hu, Jiazhi Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 366 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.004	journal	October 2017
Stress-Strain Curves of Nafion Membranes in Acid and Salt Forms Kawano, Yoshio; Wang, Yanqia; Palmer, Richard A. Polímeros, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282002000200008	journal	January 2002
Self-healing chemistry enables the stable operation of silicon microparticle anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries Wang, Chao; Wu, Hui; Chen, Zheng Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1802	journal	November 2013
Nanostructured silicon for high capacity lithium battery anodes Szczech, Jeannine R.; Jin, Song Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00281J	journal	January 2011

Cited By (1)

A Low‐Cost Durable Na‐FeCl ₂ Battery with Ultrahigh Rate Capability Zhan, Xiaowen; Bowden, Mark E.; Lu, Xiaochuan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903472	journal	March 2020

Similar Records

Stress Evolution in Composite Silicon Electrodes during Lithiation/Delithiation

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:1799373

Sethuraman, V. A.; Nguyen, A.; Chon, M. J.; +6 more

Conductivity degradation of polyvinylidene fluoride composite binder during cycling: Measurements and simulations for lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · Sat Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:1799373

Grillet, Anne M.; Humplik, Thomas; Stirrup, Emily K.; +5 more

Effects of water-based binders on electrochemical performance of manganese dioxide cathode in mild aqueous zinc batteries

Journal Article · Mon Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Carbon Energy · OSTI ID:1799373

Chang, Hee Jung; Rodríguez‐Pérez, Ismael A.; Fayette, Matthew; +5 more

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Energy & Fuels
Materials Science
Silicon electrode
Cracking
Polymeric binder
In situ observation
Adhesion
Lithium ion battery

Title: Effects of polymeric binders on the cracking behavior of silicon composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling

Citation Formats

References (45)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects