The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Akerib, D. S.; Akerlof, C. W.; Akimov, D. Yu.; Alquahtani, A.; Alsum, S. K.; Anderson, T. J.; Angelides, N.; Araújo, H. M.; Arbuckle, A.; Armstrong, J. E.; Arthurs, M.; Auyeung, H.; Aviles, S.; Bai, X.; Bailey, A. J.; Balajthy, J.; Balashov, S.; Bang, J.; Barry, M. J.; Bauer, D.; Bauer, P.; Baxter, A.; Belle, J.; Beltrame, P.; Bensinger, J.; Benson, T.; Bernard, E. P.; Bernstein, A.; Bhatti, A.; Biekert, A.; Biesiadzinski, T. P.; Birch, H. J.; Birrittella, B.; Boast, K. E.; Bolozdynya, A. I.; Boulton, E. M.; Boxer, B.; Bramante, R.; Branson, S.; Brás, P.; Breidenbach, M.; Brew, C. J.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V. V.; Bunker, R.; Burdin, S.; Busenitz, J. K.; Cabrita, R.; Campbell, J. S.; Carels, C.; Carlsmith, D. L.; Carlson, B.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Cascella, M.; Chan, C.; Cherwinka, J. J.; Chiller, A. A.; Chiller, C.; Chott, N. I.; Cole, A.; Coleman, J.; Colling, D.; Conley, R. A.; Cottle, A.; Coughlen, R.; Cox, G.; Craddock, W. W.; Curran, D.; Currie, A.; Cutter, J. E.; da Cunha, J. P.; Dahl, C. E.; Dardin, S.; Dasu, S.; Davis, J.; Davison, T. R.; de Viveiros, L.; Decheine, N.; Dobi, A.; Dobson, J. Y.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Dushkin, A.; Edberg, T. K.; Edwards, W. R.; Edwards, B. N.; Edwards, J.; Elnimr, M. M.; Emmet, W. T.; Eriksen, S. R.; Faham, C. H.; Fan, A.; Fayer, S.; Fiorucci, S.; Flaecher, H.; Florang, I. Fogarty; Ford, P.; Francis, V. B.; Fraser, E. D.; Froborg, F.; Fruth, T.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Gantos, N. J.; Garcia, D.; Gehman, V. M.; Gelfand, R.; Genovesi, J.; Gerhard, R. M.; Ghag, C.; Gibson, E.; Gilchriese, M. D.; Gokhale, S.; Gomber, B.; Gonda, T. G.; Greenall, A.; Greenwood, S.; Gregerson, G.; van der Grinten, M. D.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Hall, C. R.; Hamilton, D.; Hans, S.; Hanzel, K.; Harrington, T.; Harrison, A.; Harrison, J.; Hasselkus, C.; Haselschwardt, S. J.; Hemer, D.; Hertel, S. A.; Heise, J.; Hillbrand, S.; Hitchcock, O.; Hjemfelt, C.; Hoff, M. D.; Holbrook, B.; Holtom, E.; Hor, J. Y-K.; Horn, M.; Huang, D. Q.; Hurteau, T. W.; Ignarra, C. M.; Irving, M. N.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Jahangir, O.; Jeffery, S. N.; Ji, W.; Johnson, M.; Johnson, J.; Johnson, P.; Jones, W. G.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kamaha, A.; Kamdin, K.; Kasey, V.; Kazkaz, K.; Keefner, J.; Khaitan, D.; Khaleeq, M.; Khazov, A.; Khromov, A. V.; Khurana, I.; Kim, Y. D.; Kim, W. T.; Kocher, C. D.; Kodroff, D.; Konovalov, A. M.; Korley, L.; Korolkova, E. V.; Koyuncu, M.; Kras, J.; Kraus, H.; Kravitz, S. W.; Krebs, H. J.; Kreczko, L.; Krikler, B.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Kumpan, A. V.; Kyre, S.; Lambert, A. R.; Landerud, B.; Larsen, N. A.; Laundrie, A.; Leason, E. A.; Lee, H. S.; Lee, J.; Lee, C.; Lenardo, B. G.; Leonard, D. S.; Leonard, R.; Lesko, K. T.; Levy, C.; Li, J.; Liu, Y.; Liao, J.; Liao, F. -T.; Lin, J.; Lindote, A.; Linehan, R.; Lippincott, W. H.; Liu, R.; Liu, X.; Loniewski, C.; Lopes, M. I.; Lopez-Asamar, E.; Paredes, B. López; Lorenzon, W.; Lucero, D.; Luitz, S.; Lyle, J. M.; Lynch, C.; Majewski, P. A.; Makkinje, J.; Malling, D. C.; Manalaysay, A.; Manenti, L.; Mannino, R. L.; Marangou, N.; Markley, D. J.; MarrLaundrie, P.; Martin, T. J.; Marzioni, M. F.; Maupin, C.; McConnell, C. T.; McKinsey, D. N.; McLaughlin, J.; Mei, D. -M.; Meng, Y.; Miller, E. H.; Minaker, Z. J.; Mizrachi, E.; Mock, J.; Molash, D.; Monte, A.; Monzani, M. E.; Morad, J. A.; Morrison, E.; Mount, B. J.; Murphy, A. J.; Naim, D.; Naylor, A.; Nedlik, C.; Nehrkorn, C.; Nelson, H. N.; Nesbit, J.; Neves, F.; Nikkel, J. A.; Nikoleyczik, J. A.; Nilima, A.; O’Dell, J.; Oh, H.; O’Neill, F. G.; O’Sullivan, K.; Olcina, I.; Olevitch, M. A.; Oliver-Mallory, K. C.; Oxborough, L.; Pagac, A.; Pagenkopf, D.; Pal, S.; Palladino, K. J.; Palmaccio, V. M.; Palmer, J.; Pangilinan, M.; Parveen, N.; Patton, S. J.; Pease, E. K.; Penning, B. P.; Pereira, G.; Pereira, C.; Peterson, I. B.; Piepke, A.; Pierson, S.; Powell, S.; Preece, R. M.; Pushkin, K.; Qie, Y.; Racine, M.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Reichenbacher, J.; Reichhart, L.; Rhyne, C. A.; Richards, A.; Riffard, Q.; Rischbieter, G. C.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Rose, H. J.; Rosero, R.; Rossiter, P.; Rucinski, R.; Rutherford, G.; Saba, J. S.; Sabarots, L.; Santone, D.; Sarychev, M.; Sazzad, A. R.; Schnee, R. W.; Schubnell, M.; Scovell, P. R.; Severson, M.; Seymour, D.; Shaw, S.; Shutt, G. W.; Shutt, T. A.; Silk, J. J.; Silva, C.; Skarpaas, K.; Skulski, W.; Smith, A. R.; Smith, R. J.; Smith, R. E.; So, J.; Solmaz, M.; Solovov, V. N.; Sorensen, P.; Sosnovtsev, V. V.; Stancu, I.; Stark, M. R.; Stephenson, S.; Stern, N.; Stevens, A.; Stiegler, T. M.; Stifter, K.; Studley, R.; Sumner, T. J.; Sundarnath, K.; Sutcliffe, P.; Swanson, N.; Szydagis, M.; Tan, M.; Taylor, W. C.; Taylor, R.; Taylor, D. J.; Temples, D.; Tennyson, B. P.; Terman, P. A.; Thomas, K. J.; Thomson, J. A.; Tiedt, D. R.; Timalsina, M.; To, W. H.; Tomás, A.; Tope, T. E.; Tripathi, M.; Tronstad, D. R.; Tull, C. E.; Turner, W.; Tvrznikova, L.; Utes, M.; Utku, U.; Uvarov, S.; Va’vra, J.; Vacheret, A.; Vaitkus, A.; Verbus, J. R.; Vietanen, T.; Voirin, E.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Walcott, S.; Waldron, W. L.; Walker, K.; Wang, J. J.; Wang, R.; Wang, L.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Watson, J. R.; Migneault, J.; Weatherly, S.; Webb, R. C.; Wei, W. -Z.; While, M.; White, R. G.; White, J. T.; White, D. T.; Whitis, T. J.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wilson, K.; Witherell, M. S.; Wolfs, F. H.; Wolfs, J. D.; Woodward, D.; Worm, S. D.; Xiang, X.; Xiao, Q.; Xu, J.; Yeh, M.; Yin, J.; Young, I.; Zhang, C.; Zarzhitsky, P.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8420-x

Title: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Journal Article · Tue Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2020 · European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8420-x· OSTI ID:1830740

Akerib, D. S.; Akerlof, C. W.; Akimov, D. Yu.; Alquahtani, A.; Alsum, S. K.; Anderson, T. J.; Angelides, N.; Araújo, H. M.; Arbuckle, A.; Armstrong, J. E.; Arthurs, M.; Auyeung, H.; Aviles, S.; Bai, X.; Bailey, A. J.; Balajthy, J.; Balashov, S.; Bang, J.; Barry, M. J.; Bauer, D. more »

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above 1.4×10^–48 cm² for a WIMP mass of 40GeV/c² and a 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Contributing Organization:: LZ Collaboration; LZ

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012447; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; SC0020216; SC0012704; SC0010010; SC0012161; SC0014223; FG02-13ER42020; SC0009999; NA0003180; SC0011702; SC0010072; SC0015708; SC0006605; FG02-10ER46709; SC0013542; AC02-76SF00515; SC0019066; AC52-07NA27344; SC0018982; SC0019193; SC0008475

OSTI ID:: 1830740

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1638666; OSTI ID: 1725808; OSTI ID: 1756450; OSTI ID: 1779466; OSTI ID: 1797890; OSTI ID: 1839681; OSTI ID: 1870087

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-20-292-AE-PPD-TD; arXiv:2006.02506; LLNL-JRNL-834205; TRN: US2216540

Journal Information:: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields, Vol. 80, Issue 11; ISSN 1434-6044

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

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