Synthesis of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Diamond with Compression

Ke, Feng; Zhang, Lingkong; Chen, Yabin; Yin, Ketao; Wang, Chenxu; Tzeng, Yan-Kai; Lin, Yu; Dong, Hongliang; Liu, Zhenxian; Tse, John S.; Mao, Wendy L.; Wu, Junqiao; Chen, Bin

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01872

Title: Synthesis of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Diamond with Compression

Journal Article · Wed Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01872· OSTI ID:1763434

^[1]; Zhang, Lingkong ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Wang, Chenxu ^[5];

^[5];

^[6]; Dong, Hongliang ^[2]; Liu, Zhenxian ^[7];

^[4]; Mao, Wendy L. ^[8];

^[9]; Chen, Bin ^[2]

Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai (China); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Beijing Inst. of Technology (China)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Atomically thin diamond (called diamane, one allotrope of graphene) has attracted considerable scientific interest because of its predicted physical and mechanical properties1-11. However, the successful synthesis of free-standing, pristine diamane has up until now been elusive. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a diamane film through the diamondization of mechanically exfoliated few-layer graphene via compression. Electrical transport, absorption, and x-ray diffraction measurements, along with theoretical calculations reveal that hexagonal diamane (h-diamane) with a bandgap of 2.8 ± 0.3 eV forms by compressing trilayer and thicker graphene to above 20 GPa at room temperature and can be preserved upon decompression to a few GPa. Raman and TEM studies indicate that the few-layer graphene sample after high pressure and thermal treatment also has the h-diamane structure, i.e., h-diamane can be recovered back to ambient conditions. Here, compared to gapless graphene, diamane with sizable bandgap offers exciting possibilities for carbon-based electronic devices.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003975; DMR-1708448; 51527801; U1530402; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1763434

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 8; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (43)

Few-layer graphene under high pressure: Raman and X-ray diffraction studies Clark, S. M.; Jeon, Ki-Joon; Chen, Jing-Yin Solid State Communications, Vol. 154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.10.002	journal	January 2013
Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene Zhang, Yuanbo; Tan, Yan-Wen; Stormer, Horst L. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 201-204 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04235	journal	November 2005
Lonsdaleite Films with Nanometer Thickness Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Sorokin, Pavel B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz402528q	journal	January 2014
Light-Transparent Phase Formed by Room-Temperature Compression of Graphite Yagi, W. U. A. T. Science, Vol. 252, Issue 5012 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5012.1542	journal	June 1991
Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, Y. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5817 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1137201	journal	March 2007
CALYPSO: A method for crystal structure prediction Wang, Yanchao; Lv, Jian; Zhu, Li Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 183, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2012.05.008	journal	October 2012
Diamond-like C2H nanolayer, diamane: Simulation of the structure and properties Chernozatonskii, L. A.; Sorokin, P. B.; Kvashnin, A. G. JETP Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364009140112	journal	September 2009
Covalently-Controlled Properties by Design in Group IV Graphane Analogues Jiang, Shishi; Arguilla, Maxx Q.; Cultrara, Nicholas D. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500296e	journal	December 2014
Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Fang, Shiang Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26160	journal	March 2018
Converting Chemically Functionalized Few-Layer Graphene to Diamond Films: A Computational Study Antipina, Liubov Yu.; Sorokin, Pavel B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp510390b	journal	February 2015
Carbon: A New Crystalline Phase Aust, R. B.; Drickamer, H. G. Science, Vol. 140, Issue 3568 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.140.3568.817	journal	May 1963
High pressure transformation of graphene nanoplates: A Raman study Lu, Shuangchen; Yao, Mingguang; Yang, Xigui Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 585 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.085	journal	October 2013
Superhard Monoclinic Polymorph of Carbon Li, Quan; Ma, Yanming; Oganov, Artem R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.175506	journal	April 2009
Phase Diagram of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Carbon, From Graphene to Diamond Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Chernozatonskii, Leonid A.; Yakobson, Boris I. Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403938g	journal	January 2014
Properties of diamond under hydrostatic pressures up to 140 GPa Occelli, Florent; Loubeyre, Paul; LeToullec, René Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat831	journal	February 2003
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S. Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896	journal	October 2004
Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene Gao, Yang; Cao, Tengfei; Cellini, Filippo Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-017-0023-9	journal	December 2017
Families of Superhard Crystalline Carbon Allotropes Constructed via Cold Compression of Graphite and Nanotubes Niu, Haiyang; Chen, Xing-Qiu; Wang, Shibing Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.135501	journal	March 2012
Low-Temperature Phase Transformation from Graphite to $s p^{3}$ Orthorhombic Carbon Wang, Jian-Tao; Chen, Changfeng; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.075501	journal	February 2011
New superhard carbon phases between graphite and diamond He, Chaoyu; Sun, Lizhong; Zhang, Chunxiao Solid State Communications, Vol. 152, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.05.022	journal	August 2012
Hexagonal Diamond—A New Form of Carbon Bundy, F. P.; Kasper, J. S. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1841236	journal	May 1967
Bonding Changes in Compressed Superhard Graphite Mao, W. L. Science, Vol. 302, Issue 5644 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089713	journal	October 2003
X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation studies of nanocrystalline graphite at high pressures Patterson, J. Reed; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy; Vohra, Yogesh K. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1508169	journal	September 2002
Raman evidence for pressure-induced formation of diamondene Martins, Luiz Gustavo Pimenta; Matos, Matheus J. S.; Paschoal, Alexandre R. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00149-8	journal	July 2017
Conversion of multilayer graphene into continuous ultrathin sp3-bonded carbon films on metal surfaces Odkhuu, Dorj; Shin, Dongbin; Ruoff, Rodney S. Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03276	journal	November 2013
Graphite at pressures up to 55 GPa: Optical properties and raman spectra Goncharov, A. F.; Makarenko, I. N.; Stishov, S. M. High Pressure Research, Vol. 4, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959008246117	journal	April 1990
Room-Temperature Compression-Induced Diamondization of Few-Layer Graphene Barboza, Ana P. M.; Guimaraes, Marcos H. D.; Massote, Daniel V. P. Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201101061	journal	May 2011
Chemically induced transformation of chemical vapour deposition grown bilayer graphene into fluorinated single-layer diamond Bakharev, Pavel V.; Huang, Ming; Saxena, Manav Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0582-z	journal	December 2019
Crystal Structure of Cold Compressed Graphite Amsler, Maximilian; Flores-Livas, José A.; Lehtovaara, Lauri Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.065501	journal	February 2012
Crystal structure of graphite under room-temperature compression and decompression Wang, Yuejian; Panzik, Joseph E.; Kiefer, Boris Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00520	journal	July 2012
Influence of Size Effect on the Electronic and Elastic Properties of Diamond Films with Nanometer Thickness Chernozatonskii, Leonid A.; Sorokin, Pavel B.; Kuzubov, Alexander A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1080687	journal	December 2010
Pressure-Mediated Doping in Graphene Nicolle, Jimmy; Machon, Denis; Poncharal, Philippe Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201243c	journal	September 2011
High-pressure Raman spectroscopy of graphene Proctor, John E.; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Novoselov, Konstantin S. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.073408	journal	August 2009
Landau-Level Degeneracy and Quantum Hall Effect in a Graphite Bilayer McCann, Edward; Fal’ko, Vladimir I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.086805	journal	March 2006
High-pressure in situ x-ray-diffraction study of the phase transformation from graphite to hexagonal diamond at room temperature Yagi, Takehiko; Utsumi, Wataru; Yamakata, Masa-aki Physical Review B, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.6031	journal	September 1992
Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds Turneaure, Stefan J.; Sharma, Surinder M.; Volz, Travis J. Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao3561	journal	October 2017
Optical reflectivity of graphite under pressure Hanfland, M.; Syassen, K.; Sonnenschein, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.40.1951	journal	July 1989
Seeing Many-Body Effects in Single- and Few-Layer Graphene: Observation of Two-Dimensional Saddle-Point Excitons Mak, Kin Fai; Shan, Jie; Heinz, Tony F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.046401	journal	January 2011
Hydrogenation of bilayer graphene and the formation of bilayer graphane from first principles Leenaerts, O.; Partoens, B.; Peeters, F. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.245422	journal	December 2009
Raman scattering studies of graphene under high pressure: Raman scattering studies of graphene under high pressure Machon, Denis; Bousige, Colin; Alencar, Rafael Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5284	journal	November 2017
Nucleation mechanism for the direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition Khaliullin, Rustam Z.; Eshet, Hagai; Kühne, Thomas D. Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3078	journal	July 2011
Pressure-controlled interlayer magnetism in atomically thin CrI3 Li, Tingxin; Jiang, Shengwei; Sivadas, Nikhil Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0506-1	journal	October 2019
X-ray diffraction data for graphite to 20 GPa Zhao, You Xiang; Spain, Ian L. Physical Review B, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.40.993	journal	July 1989

Similar Records

Nanocrystalline hexagonal diamond formed from glassy carbon

Journal Article · Tue Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1763434

Shiell, Thomas. B.; McCulloch, Dougal G.; Bradby, Jodie E.; +3 more

Role of graphite crystal structure on the shock-induced formation of cubic and hexagonal diamond

Journal Article · Tue Jun 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1763434

Volz, Travis J.; Turneaure, Stefan J.; Sharma, Surinder M.; +1 more

Synthesis of Novel Phases in Si Nanowires Using Diamond Anvil Cells at High Pressures and Temperatures

Journal Article · Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1763434

Huston, Larissa Q.; Lugstein, Alois; Shen, Guoyin; +4 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Atomically thin diamond
Few-layer graphene
Bandgap
Electrical transport
Pressure
Layers
Carbon
Two dimensional materials
Compression
Phase transitions

Title: Synthesis of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Diamond with Compression

Citation Formats

References (43)

Similar Records

Related Subjects