Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

Almassalkhi, Mads; Brahma, Sarnaduti; Nazir, Nawaf; Ossareh, Hamid; Racherla, Pavan; Kundu, Soumya; Nandanoori, Sai Pushpak; Ramachandran, Thiagarajan; Singhal, Ankit; Gayme, Dennice; Ji, Chengda; Mallada, Enrique; Shen, Yue; You, Pengcheng; Anand, Dhananjay

doi:10.3390/en13236399

Title: Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

Journal Article · Thu Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Energies (Basel)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236399· OSTI ID:1756063

^[1];

^[1]; Nazir, Nawaf ^[1];

^[1]; Racherla, Pavan ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Ramachandran, Thiagarajan ^[2]; Singhal, Ankit ^[2];

^[3]; Ji, Chengda ^[3]; Mallada, Enrique ^[3]; Shen, Yue ^[3]; You, Pengcheng ^[3];

^[4]

Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)

Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; EE0008006

OSTI ID:: 1756063

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-157505

Journal Information:: Energies (Basel), Vol. 13, Issue 23; ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
distributed energy resources
smart loads
flexibility
distribution system operator
distribution network
optimal power flow
control
large scale
solar energy

Title: Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

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