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Title: Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters

Journal Article · · Astronomy and Astrophysics
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In this paper, we present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction. Compared to the 2015 results, improved measurements of large-scale polarization allow the reionization optical depth to be measured with higher precision, leading to significant gains in the precision of other correlated parameters. Improved modelling of the small-scale polarization leads to more robust constraints on many parameters, with residual modelling uncertainties estimated to affect them only at the 0.5σ level. We find good consistency with the standard spatially-flat 6-parameter ΛCDM cosmology having a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations (denoted “base ΛCDM” in this paper), from polarization, temperature, and lensing, separately and in combination. A combined analysis gives dark matter density Ωch2 = 0.120 ± 0.001, baryon density Ωbh2 = 0.0224 ± 0.0001, scalar spectral index ns = 0.965 ± 0.004, and optical depth τ = 0.054 ± 0.007 (in this abstract we quote 68% confidence regions on measured parameters and 95% on upper limits). The angular acoustic scale is measured to 0.03% precision, with 100θ* = 1.0411 ± 0.0003. These results are only weakly dependent on the cosmological model and remain stable, with somewhat increased errors, in many commonly considered extensions. Assuming the base-ΛCDM cosmology, the inferred (model-dependent) late-Universe parameters are: Hubble constant H0 = (67.4 ± 0.5) km s–1 Mpc–1; matter density parameter Ωm = 0.315 ± 0.007; and matter fluctuation amplitude σ8 = 0.811 ± 0.006. We find no compelling evidence for extensions to the base-ΛCDM model. Combining with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements (and considering single-parameter extensions) we constrain the effective extra relativistic degrees of freedom to be Neff = 2.99 ± 0.17, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction Neff = 3.046, and find that the neutrino mass is tightly constrained to Σmν < 0.12 eV. The CMB spectra continue to prefer higher lensing amplitudes than predicted in base ΛCDM at over 2σ, which pulls some parameters that affect the lensing amplitude away from the ΛCDM model; however, this is not supported by the lensing reconstruction or (in models that also change the background geometry) BAO data. The joint constraint with BAO measurements on spatial curvature is consistent with a flat universe, ΩK = 0.001 ± 0.002. Also combining with Type Ia supernovae (SNe), the dark-energy equation of state parameter is measured to be w0 = –1.03 ± 0.03, consistent with a cosmological constant. We find no evidence for deviations from a purely power-law primordial spectrum, and combining with data from BAO, BICEP2, and Keck Array data, we place a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r0.002 < 0.06. Standard big-bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the helium and deuterium abundances for the base-ΛCDM cosmology are in excellent agreement with observations. The Planck base-ΛCDM results are in good agreement with BAO, SNe, and some galaxy lensing observations, but in slight tension with the Dark Energy Survey’s combined-probe results including galaxy clustering (which prefers lower fluctuation amplitudes or matter density parameters), and in significant, 3.6σ, tension with local measurements of the Hubble constant (which prefer a higher value). Simple model extensions that can partially resolve these tensions are not favoured by the Planck data.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); European Research Council (ERC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Contributing Organization:
Planck Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; 616170; 725456
OSTI ID:
1676387
Journal Information:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 641; ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillation scale in the distribution of galaxies to redshift 1 journal December 2018
Accurate halo-model matter power spectra with dark energy, massive neutrinos and modified gravitational forces journal March 2016
Unity of Cosmological Inflation Attractors journal April 2015
REIONIZATION AFTER PLANCK : THE DERIVED GROWTH OF THE COSMIC IONIZING EMISSIVITY NOW MATCHES THE GROWTH OF THE GALAXY UV LUMINOSITY DENSITY journal September 2015
Bayesian Estimation of Thermonuclear Reaction Rates journal October 2016
KiDS-450 + 2dFLenS: Cosmological parameter constraints from weak gravitational lensing tomography and overlapping redshift-space galaxy clustering journal October 2017
Inflationary paradigm after Planck 2013 journal June 2014
Primordial helium recombination. I. Feedback, line transfer, and continuum opacity journal April 2008
The universal galaxy cluster pressure profile from a representative sample of nearby systems (REXCESS) and the Y SZM 500 relation journal July 2010
The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: measurement of the growth rate of structure from the anisotropic correlation function between redshift 0.8 and 2.2 journal February 2018
A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Damping tail from the 2500-Square-Degree Spt-Sz Survey journal November 2013
Planck 2015 results : XV. Gravitational lensing journal September 2016
An evolution free test for non-zero cosmological constant journal October 1979
Parameter constraints for flat cosmologies from cosmic microwave background and 2dFGRS power spectra journal December 2002
Planck 2018 results: IX. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity journal September 2020
The trouble with H 0 journal October 2016
Electromagnetic structure of A=2 and 3 nuclei and the nuclear current operator journal July 2005
Comparison of cosmological Boltzmann codes: Are we ready for high precision cosmology? journal October 2003
A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the 2500 Square-Degree Spt-Sz Survey journal January 2015
Linear and non-linear Modified Gravity forecasts with future surveys journal December 2017
The effective theory of quintessence: the w < −1 side unveiled journal February 2009
A blinded determination of H0 from low-redshift Type Ia supernovae, calibrated by Cepheid variables journal June 2017
The characterization of the gamma-ray signal from the central Milky Way: A case for annihilating dark matter journal June 2016
H0 revisited journal March 2014
Cosmic microwave weak lensing data as a test for the dark universe journal June 2008
SUPERCAL: CROSS-CALIBRATION OF MULTIPLE PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE COSMOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS WITH TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE journal December 2015
CMB signatures of metal-free star formation and Planck 2015 polarization data journal February 2017
Planck 2015 results : XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity journal September 2016
The effects of He I λ10830 on helium abundance determinations journal July 2015
Demonstration of Cosmic Microwave Background Delensing Using the Cosmic Infrared Background journal October 2016
MontePython 3: Boosted MCMC sampler and other features journal March 2019
Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using P l a n c k , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ K e c k Observations through the 2015 Season journal November 2018
Planck 2018 results: XI. Polarized dust foregrounds journal September 2020
Exotic energy injection with ExoCLASS : application to the Higgs portal model and evaporating black holes journal March 2018
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: power-spectrum analysis of the final data set and cosmological implications journal September 2005
Probing the Reionization History of the Universe using the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization journal January 2003
A Comparison of Maps and Power Spectra Determined from South Pole Telescope and Planck Data journal January 2018
Model-independent reionization observables in the CMB journal July 2003
Model selection applied to reconstruction of the Primordial Power Spectrum journal June 2012
Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization journal June 1997
H 0 from cosmic chronometers and Type Ia supernovae, with Gaussian Processes and the novel Weighted Polynomial Regression method journal April 2018
Efficient sampling of fast and slow cosmological parameters journal May 2013
Can active-sterile neutrino oscillations lead to chaotic behavior of the cosmological lepton asymmetry? journal April 2013
A new determination of the primordial He abundance using the He i λ10830 Å emission line: cosmological implications journal September 2014
Degenerate higher order scalar-tensor theories beyond Horndeski up to cubic order journal December 2016
Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples journal August 2014
Neutrino Cosmology book January 2013
Small-scale fluctuations of relic radiation journal April 1970

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A physical approach to modelling large-scale galactic magnetic fields journal March 2019
Extreme starlight polarization in a region with highly polarized dust emission journal April 2019
Gas shells and magnetic fields in the Orion-Eridanus superbubble journal October 2019
Link between EB polarization modes and gas column density from interstellar dust emission journal November 2019
Re-evaluating evidence for Hawking points in the CMB journal March 2020
The flickering nuclear activity of Fornax A journal January 2020
CMB foreground measurements through broad-band radio spectro-polarimetry: prospects of the SKA-MPG telescope journal June 2019
Local Bubble contribution to the 353-GHz dust polarized emission journal November 2019
Reionization optical depth determination from Planck HFI data with ten percent accuracy journal March 2020
Accelerating Large-Scale-Structure data analyses by emulating Boltzmann solvers and Lagrangian Perturbation Theory text January 2021

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