Direct observation of the energetics at a semiconductor/liquid junction by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Lichterman, Michael F.; Hu, Shu; Richter, Matthias H.; Crumlin, Ethan J.; Axnanda, Stephanus; Favaro, Marco; Drisdell, Walter; Hussain, Zahid; Mayer, Thomas; Brunschwig, Bruce S.; Lewis, Nathan S.; Liu, Zhi; Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim

doi:10.1039/C5EE01014D

Title: Direct observation of the energetics at a semiconductor/liquid junction by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Journal Article · Fri May 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE01014D· OSTI ID:1634114

Lichterman, Michael F. ^[1]; Hu, Shu ^[1]; Richter, Matthias H. ^[1]; Crumlin, Ethan J. ^[2]; Axnanda, Stephanus ^[2]; Favaro, Marco ^[3]; Drisdell, Walter ^[3]; Hussain, Zahid ^[2]; Mayer, Thomas ^[4]; Brunschwig, Bruce S. ^[5]; Lewis, Nathan S. ^[6]; Liu, Zhi ^[7]; Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim ^[1]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Technical Univ. of Darmstadt (Germany)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) and Beckman Inst.
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) and Kavli Nanoscience Inst.
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Microsystem

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells based on semiconductor/liquid interfaces offer an approach of converting solar energy to electricity or fuels. Currently, the understanding of semiconductor/liquid interfaces is inferred from experiments and models. Operando ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) has been used herein to directly characterize the semiconductor/liquid junction at room temperature under real-time electrochemical control. X-ray synchrotron radiation in conjunction with AP-XPS has enabled simultaneous monitoring of the solid surface, the solid/electrolyte interface, and the bulk electrolyte of a PEC cell as a function of the applied potential, U. The observed shifts in binding energy with respect to the applied potential have directly revealed ohmic and rectifying junction behavior on metallized and semiconducting samples, respectively. Additionally, the non-linear response of the core level binding energies to changes in the applied electrode potential has revealed the influence of defect-derived electronic states on the Galvani potential across the complete cell.

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004993; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1634114

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 8; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 123 works

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