Self-assembly of electronically abrupt borophene/organic lateral heterostructures

Liu, Xiaolong; Wei, Zonghui; Balla, Itamar; Mannix, Andrew J.; Guisinger, Nathan P.; Luijten, Erik; Hersam, Mark C.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602356

Title: Self-assembly of electronically abrupt borophene/organic lateral heterostructures

Journal Article · Wed Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Science Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602356· OSTI ID:1625966

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Guisinger, Nathan P. ^[4];

^[5]; Hersam, Mark C. ^[6]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Applied Physics Graduate Program
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Applied Physics Graduate Program; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Applied Physics Graduate Program; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Two-dimensional boron sheets (that is, borophene) have recently been realized experimentally and found to have promising electronic properties. Because electronic devices and systems require the integration of multiple materials with well-defined interfaces, it is of high interest to identify chemical methods for forming atomically abrupt heterostructures between borophene and electronically distinct materials. Toward this end, we demonstrate the selfassembly of lateral heterostructures between borophene and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). These lateral heterostructures spontaneously form upon deposition of PTCDA onto submonolayer borophene on Ag(111) substrates as a result of the higher adsorption enthalpy of PTCDA on Ag(111) and lateral hydrogen bonding among PTCDA molecules, as demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the weak chemical interaction between borophene and PTCDA, while molecular-resolution ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy reveal an electronically abrupt interface at the borophene/PTCDA lateral heterostructure interface. As the first demonstration of a borophene-based heterostructure, this work will inform emerging efforts to integrate borophene into nanoelectronic applications

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1625966

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 2; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (54)

Graphene–Silicon Heterostructures at the Two-Dimensional Limit Kiraly, Brian; Mannix, Andrew J.; Hersam, Mark C. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02602	journal	August 2015
Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures Jariwala, Deep; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C. Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4703	journal	August 2016
Lateral adsorption geometry and site-specific electronic structure of a large organic chemisorbate on a metal surface Kraft, A.; Temirov, R.; Henze, S. K. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.041402	journal	July 2006
Experimental realization of two-dimensional boron sheets Feng, Baojie; Zhang, Jin; Zhong, Qing Nature Chemistry, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2491	journal	March 2016
Room-temperature molecular-resolution characterization of self-assembled organic monolayers on epitaxial graphene Wang, Qing Hua; Hersam, Mark C. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.212	journal	May 2009
Kondo Scattering Observed at a Single Magnetic Impurity Li, Jiutao; Schneider, Wolf-Dieter; Berndt, Richard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2893	journal	March 1998
Free-electron-like dispersion in an organic monolayer film on a metal substrate Temirov, R.; Soubatch, S.; Luican, A. Nature, Vol. 444, Issue 7117 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05270	journal	November 2006
Probing the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Boron by First-Principles Computations Liu, Yuanyue; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201207972	journal	January 2013
Lateral epitaxial growth of two-dimensional layered semiconductor heterojunctions Duan, Xidong; Wang, Chen; Shaw, Jonathan C. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 12, p. 1024-1030 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.222	journal	September 2014
Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron Oganov, Artem R.; Chen, Jiuhua; Gatti, Carlo Nature, Vol. 457, Issue 7231 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07736	journal	January 2009
Polymorphism of Two-Dimensional Boron Penev, Evgeni S.; Bhowmick, Somnath; Sadrzadeh, Arta Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3004754	journal	April 2012
Hydrogen bond strengths revealed by topological analyses of experimentally observed electron densities Espinosa, E.; Molins, E.; Lecomte, C. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 285, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00036-0	journal	March 1998
Control of carrier density by self-assembled monolayers in organic field-effect transistors Kobayashi, S.; Nishikawa, T.; Takenobu, T. Nature Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1105	journal	April 2004
Direct Imaging of Intermolecular Bonds in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Weiss, Christian; Wagner, Christian; Temirov, Ruslan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104332t	journal	September 2010
Van der Waals heterostructures and devices Liu, Yuan; Weiss, Nathan O.; Duan, Xidong Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.42	journal	July 2016
Inertial tip translator for a scanning tunneling microscope Brockenbrough, R. T.; Lyding, J. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 64, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1143965	journal	August 1993
Point Defects and Grain Boundaries in Rotationally Commensurate MoS ₂ on Epitaxial Graphene Liu, Xiaolong; Balla, Itamar; Bergeron, Hadallia The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02073	journal	March 2016
Adsorption structure and scanning tunneling data of a prototype organic-inorganic interface: PTCDA on Ag(111) Rohlfing, Michael; Temirov, Ruslan; Tautz, Frank Stefan Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.115421	journal	September 2007
The atomic resolution imaging of metallic Ag(111) surface by noncontact atomic force microscope Orisaka, S.; Minobe, T.; Uchihashi, T. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 140, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00534-0	journal	February 1999
Characteristic energy loss structure of solids from x-ray photoemission spectra Pollak, R. A.; Ley, L.; McFeely, F. R. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(74)80022-8	journal	January 1974
Epitaxial growth of two-dimensional stanene Zhu, Feng-feng; Chen, Wei-jiong; Xu, Yong Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4384	journal	August 2015
Characterization of PTCDA nanocrystals on Ge(001):H-(2×1) surfaces Ahmad Zebari, Amir A.; Kolmer, Marek; Prauzner-Bechcicki, Jakub S. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 332 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.173	journal	March 2015
Lateral heterojunctions within monolayer MoSe₂–WSe₂ semiconductors Huang, Chunming; Wu, Sanfeng; Sanchez, Ana M. Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 1096-1101 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4064	journal	August 2014
Graphene and boron nitride lateral heterostructures for atomically thin circuitry Levendorf, Mark P.; Kim, Cheol-Joo; Brown, Lola Nature, Vol. 488, Issue 7413, p. 627-632 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11408	journal	August 2012
Interface Formation in Monolayer Graphene-Boron Nitride Heterostructures Sutter, P.; Cortes, R.; Lahiri, J. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302398m	journal	January 2012
Nanofabrication of PTCDA molecular chains on rutile TiO ₂ (011)-(2 × 1) surfaces Tekiel, Antoni; Godlewski, Szymon; Budzioch, Janusz Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495304	journal	November 2008
Surface-State Lifetime Measured by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Li, Jiutao; Schneider, Wolf-Dieter; Berndt, Richard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4464	journal	November 1998
Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe2-MoS2 lateral p-n junction with an atomically sharp interface Li, M. -Y.; Shi, Y.; Cheng, C. -C. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6247 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab4097	journal	July 2015
Molecular Self-Assembly at Solid Surfaces Otero, Roberto; Gallego, José María; de Parga, Amadeo L. Vázquez Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102022	journal	September 2011
Van der Waals heterostructures Geim, A. K.; Grigorieva, I. V. Nature, Vol. 499, Issue 7459, p. 419-425 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12385	journal	July 2013
Novel Precursors for Boron Nanotubes: The Competition of Two-Center and Three-Center Bonding in Boron Sheets Tang, Hui; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.115501	journal	September 2007
Spatially resolved one-dimensional boundary states in graphene–hexagonal boron nitride planar heterostructures Park, Jewook; Lee, Jaekwang; Liu, Lei Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6403	journal	November 2014
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of nonmetallic materials: Electronic structures of boron and BxOy Ong, C. W.; Huang, H.; Zheng, B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 95, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1651321	journal	April 2004
Structural and Electrical Investigation of C ₆₀ –Graphene Vertical Heterostructures Kim, Kwanpyo; Lee, Tae Hoon; Santos, Elton J. G. ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b00581	journal	May 2015
Mechanism of Resistive Switching in 3, 4, 9, 10 Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (PTCDA) Sandwiched Between Metal Electrodes Agrawal, Ruchi; Kumar, P.; Ghosh, S. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 55, Issue 10, p. 2795-2799 https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2008.2003222	journal	October 2008
Bandgap tunability at single-layer molybdenum disulphide grain boundaries Huang, Yu Li; Chen, Yifeng; Zhang, Wenjing Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7298	journal	February 2015
Post deposition purification of PTCDA thin films Wüsten, J.; Ertl, Th.; Lach, S. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 252, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.105	journal	September 2005
Local density of states from spectroscopic scanning-tunneling-microscope images: Ag(111) Li, Jiutao; Schneider, Wolf-Dieter; Berndt, Richard Physical Review B, Vol. 56, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.7656	journal	September 1997
Two-Dimensional Boron Monolayer Sheets Wu, Xiaojun; Dai, Jun; Zhao, Yu ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302696v	journal	July 2012
Field-effect-tuned lateral organic diodes Dhar, B. M.; Kini, G. S.; Xia, G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910554107	journal	February 2010
Crystalline Boron Nanoribbons: Synthesis and Characterization Xu, Terry T.; Zheng, Jian-Guo Nano Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0498785	journal	May 2004
Synthesis of borophenes: Anisotropic, two-dimensional boron polymorphs Mannix, A. J.; Zhou, X. -F.; Kiraly, B. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6267 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1080	journal	December 2015
Strain Induced Dewetting of a Molecular System: Bimodal Growth of PTCDA on NaCl Burke, S. A.; Ji, W.; Mativetsky, J. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.186104	journal	May 2008
Rotationally Commensurate Growth of MoS ₂ on Epitaxial Graphene Liu, Xiaolong; Balla, Itamar; Bergeron, Hadallia ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06398	journal	November 2015
Low energy electron diffraction of the system In-[perylene-3,4,9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride] on MoS2 Azuma, Yasushi; Iwasawa, Kazuaki; Kurihara, Tsutomu Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1457543	journal	April 2002
Black phosphorus field-effect transistors Li, Likai; Yu, Yijun; Ye, Guo Jun Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.35	journal	March 2014
Understanding and tuning the epitaxy of large aromatic adsorbates by molecular design Eremtchenko, M.; Schaefer, J. A.; Tautz, F. S. Nature, Vol. 425, Issue 6958 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01901	journal	October 2003
Understanding Boron through Size-Selected Clusters: Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Fluxionality Sergeeva, Alina P.; Popov, Ivan A.; Piazza, Zachary A. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar400310g	journal	February 2014
Strong electron-phonon coupling at a metal/organic interface: PTCDA/Ag(111) Tautz, F. S.; Eremtchenko, M.; Schaefer, J. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 65, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.125405	journal	February 2002
Cryogenic variable temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope for single molecule studies on silicon surfaces Foley, E. T.; Yoder, N. L.; Guisinger, N. P. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1818871	journal	December 2004
Van der Waals-coupled electronic states in incommensurate double-walled carbon nanotubes Liu, Kaihui; Jin, Chenhao; Hong, Xiaoping Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3042	journal	September 2014
Van der Waals heterostructures Geim, A. K.; Grigorieva, I. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.6718	text	January 2013
Rotationally Commensurate Growth of MoS2 on Epitaxial Graphene Liu, Xiaolong; Balla, Itamar; Bergeron, Hadallia arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.00677	text	January 2016
Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures Jariwala, Deep; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.00515	text	January 2016

Cited By (17)

2D Boron Sheets: Structure, Growth, and Electronic and Thermal Transport Properties Li, Dengfeng; Gao, Junfeng; Cheng, Peng Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904349	journal	August 2019
Recent Advances in Growth of Novel 2D Materials: Beyond Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Geng, Dechao; Yang, Hui Ying Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800865	journal	July 2018
Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures Liu, Xiaolong; Hersam, Mark C. Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801586	journal	July 2018
Flat Boron: A New Cousin of Graphene Xie, Sheng‐Yi; Wang, Yeliang; Li, Xian‐Bin Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900392	journal	June 2019
Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials Glavin, Nicholas R.; Rao, Rahul; Varshney, Vikas Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904302	journal	October 2019
Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes Liu, Xiaolong; Wang, Luqing; Li, Shaowei Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09686-w	journal	April 2019
Large-area borophene sheets on sacrificial Cu(111) films promoted by recrystallization from subsurface boron Wu, Rongting; Gozar, Adrian; Božović, Ivan npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-019-0181-0	journal	August 2019
Intermixing and periodic self-assembly of borophene line defects Liu, Xiaolong; Zhang, Zhuhua; Wang, Luqing Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0134-1	journal	July 2018
Borophene as a prototype for synthetic 2D materials development Mannix, Andrew J.; Zhang, Zhuhua; Guisinger, Nathan P. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0157-4	journal	June 2018
From planar boron clusters to borophenes and metalloborophenes Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Xin; Jian, Tian Nature Reviews Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-017-0071	journal	September 2017
Two-dimensional boron: structures, properties and applications Zhang, Zhuhua; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00261k	journal	January 2017
Quantum oscillation in carrier transport in two-dimensional junctions Zhang, Junfeng; Xie, Weiyu; Agiorgousis, Michael L. Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01359d	journal	January 2018
Semiconducting defect-free polymorph of borophene: Peierls distortion in two dimensions İpek, S.; Kilic, M. E.; Mogulkoc, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.241408	journal	December 2018
Near-equilibrium growth from borophene edges on silver Zhang, Zhuhua; Mannix, Andrew J.; Liu, Xiaolong Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0246	journal	September 2019
Borophene-graphene heterostructures Liu, Xiaolong; Hersam, Mark C. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6444	journal	October 2019
Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials. Glavin, Nicholas R.; Rao, Rahul; Varshney, Vikas Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.45784	text	January 2020
Quantum oscillation in carrier transport in two-dimensional junctions Zhang, Junfeng; Xie, Weiyu; Agiorgousis, Michael L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.03209	preprint	January 2018

Similar Records

Change in surface states of Ag(111) thin films upon adsorption of a monolayer of PTCDA organic molecules

Journal Article · Fri Jan 15 00:00:00 EST 2010 · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics · OSTI ID:1625966

Chulkov, E V

Modeling intermolecular interactions of physisorbed organic molecules using pair potential calculations

Journal Article · Wed Dec 21 00:00:00 EST 2011 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:1625966

Kroeger, Ingo; Stadtmueller, Benjamin; Wagner, Christian; +4 more

Determination of the individual atomic site contribution to the electronic structure of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA)

Journal Article · Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:1625966

Newby, D.; DeMasi, A.; Piper, L. F. J.; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
25 ENERGY STORAGE
Science & Technology - Other Topics

Title: Self-assembly of electronically abrupt borophene/organic lateral heterostructures

Citation Formats

References (54)

Cited By (17)

Similar Records

Related Subjects