Viscosity jump in the lower mantle inferred from melting curves of ferropericlase

Deng, Jie; Lee, Kanani K.  M.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02263-z

Title: Viscosity jump in the lower mantle inferred from melting curves of ferropericlase

Journal Article · Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02263-z· OSTI ID:1624064

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Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

Convection provides the mechanism behind plate tectonics, which allows oceanic lithosphere to be subducted into the mantle as “slabs” and new rock to be generated by volcanism. Stagnation of subducting slabs and deflection of rising plumes in Earth’s shallow lower mantle have been suggested to result from a viscosity increase at those depths. However, the mechanism for this increase remains elusive. Here, we examine the melting behavior in the MgO–FeO binary system at high pressures using the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell and show that the liquidus and solidus of (Mg_xFe_1-x)O ferropericlase (x = ~0.52–0.98), exhibit a local maximum at ~40 GPa, likely caused by the spin transition of iron. We calculate the relative viscosity profiles of ferropericlase using homologous temperature scaling and find that viscosity increases 10–100 times from ~750 km to ~1000–1250 km, with a smaller decrease at deeper depths, pointing to a single mechanism for slab stagnation and plume deflection.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; EAR-1321956; EAR-1551348; EAR 1606856

OSTI ID:: 1624064

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 39 works

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