STRIDES: Spectroscopic and photometric characterization of the environment and effects of mass along the line of sight to the gravitational lenses DES J0408–5354 and WGD 2038–4008

Journal Article · Sat Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2563· OSTI ID:1616309

Buckley-Geer, E. J.  ^[1]; Lin, H. ^[2]; Rusu, C. E.  ^[3]; Poh, J. ^[4]; Palmese, A.  ^[2]; Agnello, A. ^[5]; Christensen, L. ^[5]; Frieman, J. ^[6]; Shajib, A. J.  ^[7]; Treu, T. ^[7]; Collett, T.  ^[8]; Birrer, S. ^[9]; Anguita, T.  ^[10]; Fassnacht, C. D. ^[11]; Meylan, G. ^[12]; Mukherjee, S.  ^[13]; Wong, K. C.  ^[14]; Aguena, M. ^[15]; Allam, S. ^[2]; Avila, S.  ^[16] ; Bertin, E. ^[17]; Bhargava, S. ^[18]; Brooks, D. ^[19]; Carnero Rosell, A.  ^[20]; Carrasco Kind, M.  ^[21]; Carretero, J. ^[22]; Castander, F. J. ^[23]; Costanzi, M. ^[24]; da Costa, L. N. ^[25]; De Vicente, J.  ^[20]; Desai, S. ^[26]; Diehl, H. T. ^[2]; Doel, P. ^[19]; Eifler, T. F.  ^[27]; Everett, S. ^[28]; Flaugher, B. ^[2]; Fosalba, P. ^[23]; García-Bellido, J. ^[16]; Gaztanaga, E.  ^[23]; Gruen, D.  ^[29]; Gruendl, R. A. ^[21]; Gschwend, J. ^[25]; Gutierrez, G. ^[2]; Hinton, S. R.  ^[30]; Honscheid, K. ^[31]; James, D. J. ^[32]; Kuehn, K. ^[33]; Kuropatkin, N. ^[2]; Maia, M. G. ^[25]; Marshall, J. L. ^[34]; Melchior, P.  ^[35]; Menanteau, F. ^[21]; Miquel, R. ^[36]; Ogando, R. C.  ^[25]; Paz-Chinchón, F. ^[21]; Plazas, A. A.  ^[35]; Sanchez, E. ^[20]; Scarpine, V. ^[2]; Schubnell, M. ^[37]; Serrano, S. ^[23]; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. ^[20]; Smith, M.  ^[38]; Soares-Santos, M.  ^[39]; Suchyta, E.  ^[40]; Swanson, M. C. ^[41]; Tarle, G. ^[37]; Tucker, D. L. ^[2]; Varga, T. N. ^[42]

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1. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA;Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
2. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
4. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
5. DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
6. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA;Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, PAB, 430 Portola Plaza, Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA
8. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, PAB, 430 Portola Plaza, Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA;Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
10. Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile;Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Monsen ̃ or Nuncio Sotero Sanz 100, Oficina 104, 7500011 Providencia, Santiago, Chile
11. Department of Physics, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
12. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
13. STAR Institute, Quartier Agora - Allée du six Aout, 19c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
14. Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
15. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil;Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
16. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
17. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France;Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
18. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
19. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
20. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
21. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
22. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
23. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain;Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
24. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy;Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
25. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil;Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
26. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
27. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA;Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
28. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
29. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
30. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
31. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
32. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
33. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia;Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
34. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
35. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
36. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain;Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
37. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
38. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
39. Brandeis University, Physics Department, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
40. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
41. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
42. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany;Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany

In time-delay cosmography, three of the key ingredients are (1) determining the velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxy, (2) identifying galaxies and groups along the line of sight with sufficient proximity and mass to be included in the mass model, and (3) estimating the external convergence κext from less massive structures that are not included in the mass model. We present results on all three of these ingredients for two time-delay lensed quad quasar systems, DES J0408–5354 and WGD 2038–4008 . We use the Gemini, Magellan, and VLT telescopes to obtain spectra to both measure the stellar velocity dispersions of the main lensing galaxies and to identify the line-of-sight galaxies in these systems. Next, we identify 10 groups in DES J0408–5354 and two groups in WGD 2038–4008 using a group-finding algorithm. We then identify the most significant galaxy and galaxy-group perturbers using the ‘flexion shift’ criterion. We determine the probability distribution function of the external convergence κext for both of these systems based on our spectroscopy and on the DES-only multiband wide-field observations. Using weighted galaxy counts, calibrated based on the Millennium Simulation, we find that DES J0408–5354 is located in a significantly underdense environment, leading to a tight (width $$\sim 3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$$), negative-value κext distribution. On the other hand, WGD 2038–4008 is located in an environment of close to unit density, and its low source redshift results in a much tighter κext of $$\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$$, as long as no external shear constraints are imposed.

• Research Organization: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); European Research Council (ERC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
• Contributing Organization: DES Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; AC05-00OR22725; HST-GO-15320; AST-1715611; 787886; SC0019193
• OSTI ID: 1616309
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 1768040; OSTI ID: 1783169; OSTI ID: 1819568
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB-20-082-AE-SCD; arXiv:2003.12117; oai:inspirehep.net:1788583
• Journal Information: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 498, Issue 3; ISSN 0035-8711
• Publisher: Royal Astronomical Society
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
gravitational lensing: strong
quasars: individual: DES J0408-5354
WGD 2038-4008
galaxies: groups: general