Imaging the energy gap modulations of the cuprate pair-density-wave state

Du, Zengyi; Li, Hui; Joo, Sang Hyun; Donoway, Elizabeth P.; Lee, Jinho; Davis, J. C.  Séamus; Gu, Genda; Johnson, Peter D.; Fujita, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2143-x

Title: Imaging the energy gap modulations of the cuprate pair-density-wave state

Journal Article · Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2143-x· OSTI ID:1615773

Du, Zengyi ^[1]; Li, Hui ^[2]; Joo, Sang Hyun ^[3];

^[4]; Lee, Jinho ^[3]; Davis, J. C. Séamus ^[5]; Gu, Genda ^[1]; Johnson, Peter D. ^[1]; Fujita, Kazuhiro ^[1]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. College Cork (Ireland); Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)

The defining characteristic of Cooper pairs with finite center-of-mass momentum is a spatially modulating superconducting energy gap Δ(r). Recently, this concept has been generalized to the pair density wave (PDW) state predicted to exist in cuprates. Although the signature of a cuprate PDW has been detected in Cooperpair tunneling, the distinctive signature in single-electron tunneling of a periodic Δ(r) modulation has never been observed. Here, using a new approach, we discover strong Δ(r) modulations in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ that have eight-unit-cell periodicity or wavevectors Q ≈ (2π/a0)(1/8, 0) and Q ≈ (2π/a0)(0, 1/8). Simultaneous imaging of the localdensity- of-states N(r, E) reveals electronic modulations with wavevectors Q and 2Q, as anticipated when the PDW coexists with superconductivity. Finally, by visualizing the topological defects in these N(r, E) density waves at 2Q, we discover them to be concentrated in areas where the PDW spatial phase changes by !, as predicted by the theory of half-vortices in a PDW state. Overall, this is a compelling demonstration, from multiple single-electron signatures, of a PDW state coexisting with superconductivity in the canonical cuprate Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1615773

Report Number(s):: BNL-213873-2020-JAAM; TRN: US2106381

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 580, Issue 7801; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 28 works

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References (28)

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