Measurement and microscopic description of odd–even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes

de Groote, R. P.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Cocolios, T. E.; Day Goodacre, T.; Farooq-Smith, G. J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Flanagan, K. T.; Franchoo, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Gins, W.; Holt, J. D.; Koszorús, Á.; Lynch, K. M.; Miyagi, T.; Nazarewicz, W.; Neyens, G.; Reinhard, P. -G.; Rothe, S.; Stroke, H. H.; Vernon, A. R.; Wendt, K. D.  A.; Wilkins, S. G.; Xu, Z. Y.; Yang, X. F.

doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0868-y

Title: Measurement and microscopic description of odd–even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes

Journal Article · Mon Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0868-y· OSTI ID:1615730

^[1]; Billowes, J. ^[2]; Binnersley, C. L. ^[2]; Bissell, M. L. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[5]; Flanagan, K. T. ^[2]; Franchoo, S. ^[6]; Garcia Ruiz, R. F. ^[7]; Gins, W. ^[1];

^[8]; Koszorús, Á. ^[3]; Lynch, K. M. ^[9]; Miyagi, T. ^[10];

^[11]; Neyens, G. ^[12]; Reinhard, P. -G. ^[13];

^[14] more »

Katholieke Univ. (KU), Leuven (Belgium); Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland)
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom)
Katholieke Univ. (KU), Leuven (Belgium)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Inst., Gatchina (Russia)
Inst. of Nuclear Physics (IPN), Orsay (France)
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada); McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Katholieke Univ. (KU), Leuven (Belgium); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Univ. Erlangen (Germany)
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States)
Katholieke Univ. (KU), Leuven (Belgium); Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom)
Johannes Gutenberg-Univ., Mainz (Germany)
Katholieke Univ. (KU), Leuven (Belgium); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)

Nuclear charge radii globally scale with atomic mass number A as A^1/3, and isotopes with an odd number of neutrons are usually slightly smaller in size than their even-neutron neighbours. This odd–even staggering, ubiquitous throughout the nuclear landscape1, varies with the number of protons and neutrons, and poses a substantial challenge for nuclear theory. Here, we report measurements of the charge radii of short-lived copper isotopes up to the very exotic ⁷⁸Cu (with proton number Z = 29 and neutron number N = 49), produced at only 20 ions s^–1, using the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line Device facility (ISOLDE) at CERN. We observe an unexpected reduction in the odd–even staggering for isotopes approaching the N = 50 shell gap. To describe the data, we applied models based on nuclear density functional theory and A-body valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group theory. Through these comparisons, we demonstrate a relation between the global behaviour of charge radii and the saturation density of nuclear matter, and show that the local charge radii variations, which reflect the many-body polarization effects, naturally emerge from A-body calculations fitted to properties of A ≤ 4 nuclei.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); FNPMLS ERC Consolidator; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Research Council of Canada

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013365; SC0008511; SC)0018083; 648381; ST/P004423/1; ST/L005794/1

OSTI ID:: 1615730

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 16; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 52 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (37)

Characterization of the shape-staggering effect in mercury nuclei Marsh, B. A.; Day Goodacre, T.; Sels, S. Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0292-8	journal	October 2018
From Calcium to Cadmium: Testing the Pairing Functional through Charge Radii Measurements of ${}^{100 − 130}{Cd}$ Hammen, M.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Balabanski, D. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.102501	journal	September 2018
Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces Machleidt, R.; Entem, D. R. Physics Reports, Vol. 503, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2011.02.001	journal	June 2011
Chiral three-nucleon forces and pairing in nuclei Lesinski, T.; Hebeler, K.; Duguet, T. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/39/1/015108	journal	December 2011
The Shell-Model Code NuShellX@MSU Brown, B. A.; Rae, W. D. M. Nuclear Data Sheets, Vol. 120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2014.07.022	journal	June 2014
Towards a universal nuclear density functional Fayans, S. A. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1134/1.567841	journal	August 1998
Neutron and weak-charge distributions of the 48Ca nucleus Hagen, G.; Ekström, A.; Forssén, C. Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3529	journal	November 2015
Self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems and radii of nuclei Saperstein, E. E.; Tolokonnikov, S. V. Physics of Atomic Nuclei, Vol. 74, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778811090109	journal	September 2011
Effective interaction and the staggering of nuclear charge radii Zawischa, D.; Regge, U.; Stapel, R. Physics Letters B, Vol. 185, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)91003-3	journal	February 1987
Binding Energy of ${}^{79}{Cu}$ : Probing the Structure of the Doubly Magic ${}^{78}{Ni}$ from Only One Proton Away Welker, A.; Althubiti, N. A. S.; Atanasov, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.192502	journal	November 2017
Towards a better parametrization of the nuclear pairing force: density dependence with gradient term Fayans, S. A.; Zawischa, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 383, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00716-2	journal	August 1996
Modern theory of nuclear forces Epelbaum, E.; Hammer, H. -W.; Meißner, Ulf-G. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1773	journal	December 2009
Nuclear charge and neutron radii and nuclear matter: Trend analysis in Skyrme density-functional-theory approach Reinhard, P. -G.; Nazarewicz, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.051303	journal	May 2016
Nonempirical Interactions for the Nuclear Shell Model: An Update Stroberg, S. Ragnar; Hergert, Heiko; Bogner, Scott K. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120	journal	October 2019
Improved nuclear matter calculations from chiral low-momentum interactions Hebeler, K.; Bogner, S. K.; Furnstahl, R. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.031301	journal	March 2011
Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments of ${}^{71, 73, 75}{Cu}$ : Inversion of $π 2 p_{3 / 2}$ and $π 1 f_{5 / 2}$ Levels in ${}^{75}{Cu}$ Flanagan, K. T.; Vingerhoets, P.; Avgoulea, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.142501	journal	October 2009
The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references Wang, Meng; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G. Chinese Physics C, Vol. 41, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003	journal	March 2017
Cu charge radii reveal a weak sub-shell effect at $N = 40$ Bissell, M. L.; Carette, T.; Flanagan, K. T. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064318	journal	June 2016
Proton superfluidity and charge radii in proton-rich calcium isotopes Miller, A. J.; Minamisono, K.; Klose, A. Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0416-9	journal	February 2019
In-medium similarity renormalization group for open-shell nuclei Tsukiyama, K.; Bogner, S. K.; Schwenk, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.85.061304	journal	June 2012
Characterization of a pulsed injection-locked Ti:sapphire laser and its application to high resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy of copper Sonnenschein, V.; Moore, I. D.; Raeder, S. Laser Physics, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aa7834	journal	July 2017
Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters Klüpfel, P.; Reinhard, P. -G.; Bürvenich, T. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.034310	journal	March 2009
Toward a global description of nuclear charge radii: Exploring the Fayans energy density functional Reinhard, P. -G.; Nazarewicz, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.064328	journal	June 2017
Nuclear isotope shifts within the local energy-density functional approach Fayans, S. A.; Tolokonnikov, S. V.; Trykov, E. L. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 676, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00192-5	journal	August 2000
Testing microscopically derived descriptions of nuclear collectivity: Coulomb excitation of 22 Mg Henderson, J.; Hackman, G.; Ruotsalainen, P. Physics Letters B, Vol. 782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.064	journal	July 2018
Analysis of counting data: Development of the SATLAS Python package Gins, W.; de Groote, R. P.; Bissell, M. L. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 222 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.09.012	journal	January 2018
Magnus expansion and in-medium similarity renormalization group Morris, T. D.; Parzuchowski, N. M.; Bogner, S. K. Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034331	journal	September 2015
Efficient, high-resolution resonance laser ionization spectroscopy using weak transitions to long-lived excited states de Groote, R. P.; Verlinde, M.; Sonnenschein, V. Physical Review A, Vol. 95, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.032502	journal	March 2017
Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update Angeli, I.; Marinova, K. P. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 99, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.006	journal	January 2013
78Ni revealed as a doubly magic stronghold against nuclear deformation Taniuchi, R.; Santamaria, C.; Doornenbal, P. Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7754 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1155-x	journal	May 2019
Nuclear charge radii of 62−80Zn and their dependence on cross-shell proton excitations Xie, L.; Yang, X. F.; Wraith, C. Physics Letters B, Vol. 797 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134805	journal	October 2019
Dipole and quadrupole moments of ${}^{73 – 78}{Cu}$ as a test of the robustness of the $Z = 28$ shell closure near ${}^{78}{Ni}$ de Groote, R. P.; Billowes, J.; Binnersley, C. L. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.041302	journal	October 2017
The role of three-nucleon forces and many-body processes in nuclear pairing Holt, J. D.; Menéndez, J.; Schwenk, A. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/40/7/075105	journal	June 2013
Nucleus-Dependent Valence-Space Approach to Nuclear Structure Stroberg, S. R.; Calci, A.; Hergert, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.032502	journal	January 2017
The Magnus expansion and the in-medium similarity renormalization group Morris, T. D.; Parzuchowski, N.; Bogner, S. K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.06725	text	January 2015
Nuclear isotope shifts within the local energy-density functional approach Fayans, S. A.; Tolokonnikov, S. V.; Trykov, E. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/0101012	text	January 2001
Analysis of counting data: Development of the SATLAS Python package Gins, W. Mendeley https://doi.org/10.17632/3hr8f5nkhb.1	dataset	January 2017

Cited By (1)

Charge radii of exotic neon and magnesium isotopes Novario, S. J.; Hagen, G.; Jansen, G. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.06684	text	January 2020

Similar Records

Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N = 32

Journal Article · Thu Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1615730

Koszorús, Á.; Yang, X. F.; Jiang, W. G.; +26 more

Charge radii, moments, and masses of mercury isotopes across the

N = 126

shell closure

Journal Article · Tue Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review C · OSTI ID:1615730

Day Goodacre, T.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Barzakh, A. E.; +48 more

Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich

{}^{207, 208}{Hg}

Isotopes: Illuminating the Kink and Odd-Even Staggering in Charge Radii across the

N = 126

Shell Closure

Journal Article · Fri Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1615730

Day Goodacre, T.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Barzakh, A. E.; +41 more

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
experimental nuclear physics
theoretical nuclear physics

Title: Measurement and microscopic description of odd–even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes

Citation Formats

References (37)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects