Understanding Measurement Artifacts Causing Inherent Cation Gradients in Depth Profiles of Perovskite Photovoltaics with TOF-SIMS
Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the few techniques that can obtain chemical information from the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in one dimension (standard depth profiling), two dimensions (high-resolution 100-nm imaging), as well as three dimensions (tomography combining high-resolution imaging with depth profiling). We have very recently developed thermo-mechanical methods to cleave perovskite samples at the back transparent conducting oxide/PSC interface. This allowed for depth-profiling from the back of the device to the front. The resultant profiles answered the lingering question of the apparent A-site cation gradient typically seen in TOF-SIMS depth profiles. In fact, this gradient is a measurement artifact due to beam damage that the community should be informed of as TOF-SIMS data become more commonly employed. Methods of mitigating this artifact by altering the measurement conditions are also presented.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- OSTI ID:
- 1603902
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-5K00-74078
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Presented at the 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 16-21 June 2019, Chicago, Illinois
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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