Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

Oxygen Reduction by Homogeneous Molecular Catalysts and Electrocatalysts

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2]
  1. YALE UNIVERSITY
  2. Yale University
+ Show Author Affiliations

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key component of biological processes and energy technologies. This review provides a comprehensive report of soluble molecular catalysts and electrocatalysts for the ORR. The precise synthetic control and relative ease of mechanistic study for homogeneous molecular catalysts, as compared to heterogeneous materials or surface-adsorbed species, enables a detailed understanding of the individual steps of ORR catalysis. Thus, the review places particular emphasis on ORR mechanism and thermodynamics. First, the thermochemistry of oxygen reduction and the factors influencing ORR efficiency are described to contextualize the discussion of catalytic studies that follows. Reports of ORR catalysis are presented in terms of their mechanism, with separate sections for catalysis proceeding via initial outer- and inner-sphere electron transfer to O2. The rates and selectivities (for production of H2O2 vs H2O) of these catalysts are provided, along with suggested methods for accurately comparing catalysts of different metals and ligand scaffolds that were examined under different experimental conditions.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1595762
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-131661
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 118, Issue 5
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (314)

Industrial Organic Chemistry May 1997
Reaction Mechanism of Cytochrome c Oxidase January 2015
Dioxygen Activation at Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Active Sites:  Enzymes, Models, and Intermediates February 2004
Functional Analogues of Cytochrome c Oxidase, Myoglobin, and Hemoglobin February 2004
Synthetic models for the oxygen-binding hemoproteins July 1977
Thermodynamics of oxygen binding in natural and synthetic dioxygen complexes April 1984
Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions. Mechanistic Aspects July 2008
Energy-Related Small Molecule Activation Reactions: Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Catalyzed by Porphyrin- and Corrole-Based Systems November 2016
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process October 2006
Chemical and Technical Aspects of Propene Oxide Production via Hydrogen Peroxide (HPPO Process) January 2013
Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes October 2006
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction February 2016
Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction May 2015
Erratum: Design principles for oxygen-reduction activity on perovskite oxide catalysts for fuel cells and metal–air batteries July 2011
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Cytochrome Oxidase December 2010
Direct, Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by Laccase on Anthracene-2-methanethiol-Modified Gold July 2010
Enzymes as Working or Inspirational Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Electrolysis July 2008
Conformational Control of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Heme Models: Maximal CoII-O2 Binding in a C-Clamp Porphyrin April 1995
Standard Electrode Potentials and Temperature Coefficients in Water at 298.15 K January 1989
Experimental Methods for Quantifying the Activity of Platinum Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction August 2010
Reference Redox Systems in Nonaqueous Systems and the Relation of Electrode Potentials in Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvents to Standard Potentials in Water January 2013
Standard Reduction Potentials for Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Couples in Acetonitrile and N , N -Dimethylformamide December 2015
Direct Determination of Equilibrium Potentials for Hydrogen Oxidation/Production by Open Circuit Potential Measurements in Acetonitrile June 2012
Oxygen Reduction Catalysis at a Dicobalt Center: The Relationship of Faradaic Efficiency to Overpotential February 2016
A Comprehensive Self-Consistent Spectrophotometric Acidity Scale of Neutral Brønsted Acids in Acetonitrile March 2006
Equilibrium acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution December 1988
Electrochemical Reduction of Brønsted Acids by Glassy Carbon in Acetonitrile—Implications for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution July 2014
Determining the Overpotential for a Molecular Electrocatalyst December 2013
H 2 Evolution and Molecular Electrocatalysts: Determination of Overpotentials and Effect of Homoconjugation November 2010
Kinetic Analysis of Competitive Electrocatalytic Pathways: New Insights into Hydrogen Production with Nickel Electrocatalysts January 2016
Spectrophotometric Acidity Scale of Strong Neutral Brønsted Acids in Acetonitrile October 1998
Reaction Pathways of Hydrogen-Evolving Electrocatalysts: Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Processes May 2016
A nickel–manganese catalyst as a biomimic of the active site of NiFe hydrogenases: a combined electrocatalytical and DFT mechanistic study January 2011
Electrochemistry in Nonaqueous Solutions January 2009
Through-Space Charge Interaction Substituent Effects in Molecular Catalysis Leading to the Design of the Most Efficient Catalyst of CO 2 -to-CO Electrochemical Conversion December 2016
Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements September 1980
The Decamethylferrocenium/Decamethylferrocene Redox Couple:  A Superior Redox Standard to the Ferrocenium/Ferrocene Redox Couple for Studying Solvent Effects on the Thermodynamics of Electron Transfer July 1999
Conversion constants for redox potentials measured versus different reference electrodes in acetonitrile solutions at 25°C January 2000
Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry January 1996
Anomalous solubility of oxygen in acetonitrile/water mixture containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate supporting electrolyte; the solubility and diffusion coefficient of oxygen in anhydrous acetonitrile and aqueous mixtures January 2013
Solubility of Oxygen in Aqueous Solutions of KCl, K 2 SO 4 , and CaCl 2 as a Function of Concentration and Temperature July 2003
A new generalized Henry-Setschenow equation for predicting the solubility of air gases (oxygen, nitrogen and argon) in seawater and saline solutions October 2016
Experimental Limiting Oxygen Concentrations for Nine Organic Solvents at Temperatures and Pressures Relevant to Aerobic Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry August 2014
The Solubility of Oxygen and Ozone in Liquids April 1983
Effects of media and electrode materials on the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen September 1982
Modified winkler determination of oxygen in dimethylformamide: oxygen solubility as a function of partial pressure December 1969
The Redox Thermodynamics for Dioxygen Species (O2, O 2 - ·, HOO·, HOOH, and HOO-) and Monooxygen Species (O, O-·, ·OH, and -OH) in Water and Aprotic Solvents January 1988
Thermochemistry of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reagents and its Implications December 2010
Using combinations of oxidants and bases as PCET reactants: thermochemical and practical considerations January 2012
Toward the rational benchmarking of homogeneous H 2 -evolving catalysts January 2014
Turnover Numbers, Turnover Frequencies, and Overpotential in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions. Cyclic Voltammetry and Preparative-Scale Electrolysis June 2012
Homogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Rates Correlate with Reaction Overpotential in Acidic Organic Solutions October 2016
A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency Above 100,000 s-1 for H2 Production August 2011
Production of H2 at fast rates using a nickel electrocatalyst in water–acetonitrile solutions January 2013
Benchmarking of Homogeneous Electrocatalysts: Overpotential, Turnover Frequency, Limiting Turnover Number April 2015
Multielectron, Multistep Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Benchmarking of Homogeneous Catalysts June 2014
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by Iron Tetra-arylporphyrins Bearing Pendant Proton Relays March 2012
Distant protonated pyridine groups in water-soluble iron porphyrin electrocatalysts promote selective oxygen reduction to water January 2012
Direct Comparison of Electrochemical and Spectrochemical Kinetics for Catalytic Oxygen Reduction August 2014
Evaluation of Homogeneous Electrocatalysts by Cyclic Voltammetry September 2014
Mechanism of Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Water by Ferrocene Derivatives in the Presence of Perchloric Acid in Benzonitrile, Catalyzed by Cofacial Dicobalt Porphyrins August 2004
Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by a Saddle-Distorted Cobalt Phthalocyanine February 2012
Temperature-Independent Catalytic Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocenes with a Copper(II) Tris[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amine Catalyst in the Presence of Perchloric Acid February 2013
Effective Reversible Potential, Energy Loss, and Overpotential on Platinum Fuel Cell Cathodes February 2011
Functional Independent Scaling Relation for ORR/OER Catalysts October 2016
Examining the Linearity of Transition State Scaling Relations May 2015
Tuning protein–protein interactions using cosolvents: specific effects of ionic and non-ionic additives on protein phase behavior January 2016
Activity Descriptor Identification for Oxygen Reduction on Nonprecious Electrocatalysts: Linking Surface Science to Coordination Chemistry October 2013
Theory of multiple proton–electron transfer reactions and its implications for electrocatalysis January 2013
In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Aqueous Solution by using an Unmodified Gas Diffusion Electrode February 2015
Identifying and Breaking Scaling Relations in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions August 2017
Metal ion-coupled and decoupled electron transfer February 2010
Mechanisms of metal ion-coupled electron transfer January 2012
Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications February 2016
Reduction of oxygen by ruthenium(II) ammines February 1980
Reactivity of HO 2 /O − 2 Radicals in Aqueous Solution October 1985
A convenient route to superoxide ion in aqueous solution March 1983
Superoxide reactions with (isonicotinamide)pentaammineruthenium(II) and -(III) December 1980
Kinetics of aqueous outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions of superoxide ion. Implications concerning the dioxygen/superoxide (O2/O2-) self-exchange rate constant July 1984
Reactions of polypyridylchromium(II) ions with oxygen: determination of the self-exchange rate constant of oxygen O2/O2- July 1988
Determination of the rate constant of self-exchange of the oxygen O2/O2- couple in water by 18O/16O isotope marking September 1989
Oxygen Isotope Effects on Electron Transfer to O 2 Probed Using Chemically Modified Flavins Bound to Glucose Oxidase November 2004
Oxygen Isotope Effects as Probes of Electron Transfer Mechanisms and Structures of Activated O 2 February 2009
Outer-Sphere Oxidation of the Superoxide Radical Anion December 2007
Autoxidation of binuclear ruthenium(II) ammines July 1983
Reversible Reduction of Oxygen to Peroxide Facilitated by Molecular Recognition January 2012
Electron-Transfer Studies of a Peroxide Dianion April 2014
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Peroxide Dianion December 2014
Hydrogen atom abstraction from amine complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), and ruthenium(II) by superoxide: influence of driving force on rate December 1988
Autoxidation of the (sarcophagine)ruthenium(2+) complex involving hydrogen atom transfer to superoxide August 1988
Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design November 2013
Single Atom Hot-Spots at Au–Pd Nanoalloys for Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production December 2011
Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for the Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide February 2012
Outer-sphere electron transfer kinetics of metal ion oxidation by molecular oxygen December 2002
Mechanism of superoxide ion disproportionation in aprotic solvents June 1987
Electrolytic reduction of oxygen in aprotic solvents: The superoxide ion August 1966
Electrochemistry of oxygen and superoxide ion in dimethylsulfoxide at platinum, gold and mercury electrodes August 1966
Acceleration of the Homogeneous and Electrochemical Reductions of Dioxygen in Aprotic Media by Ammonium Ions. Is the Driving Force a Function of NH 4 + Concentration? What Is the Mechanism of the Reaction? September 2007
Proton-induced disproportionation of superoxide ion in aprotic media March 1982
Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen to perhydroxyl (HO2.cntdot.) in aprotic solvents that contain Broensted acids May 1986
Activation of Electron-Transfer Reduction of Oxygen by Hydrogen Bond Formation of Superoxide Anion with Ammonium Ion September 2006
One-electron mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen February 1977
Electrochemical reduction of superoxide ion and oxidation of hydroxide ion in dimethyl sulfoxide January 1968
Electroreduction of oxygen in aprotic media July 1995
Electrochemical Approach to Concerted Proton and Electron Transfers. Reduction of the Water−Superoxide Ion Complex September 2005
Study of the Electrochemical Reduction of Dioxygen in Acetonitrile in the Presence of Weak Acids January 2006
Electrochemical Concerted Proton and Electron Transfers. Further Insights in the Reduction Mechanism of Superoxide Ion in the Presence of Water and Other Weak Acids February 2007
Direct and Cytochromec Mediated Electrochemistry of Bilirubin Oxidase on Gold August 2007
Mediated Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase. Catalysis and Inhibition December 2001
Electron transfer coupling of diffusional pathways. Homogeneous redox catalysis of dioxygen reduction by the methylviologen cation radical in acidic dimethylsulfoxide July 1985
Homogeneous redox catalysis of electrochemical reaction August 1984
Molecular catalysis of electrochemical reactions April 2017
Preparation and electrochemistry of several substituted 9-(4-R-phenyl)-N-methylacridinium salts. December 1993
Electroreduction of Oxygen in a Series of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Composed of Group 15-Centered Cations and Anions June 2004
Superoxide Protonation by Weak Acids in Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids March 2009
Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Ionic Liquids: The Addition of Protic Species April 2013
Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen in Some Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Molten Salt Systems January 2004
Effect of Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based Ionic Liquids January 2014
The acceptor number ? A quantitative empirical parameter for the electrophilic properties of solvents January 1975
Correlation of homogeneous self-exchange and electrochemical rate data. Anomalously low reorganizational barriers in electron transfer reactions of cobalt complexes October 1973
Electron spin resonance spectra of ferricenium salts December 1971
Protonation of Metallocenes by Strong Acids. Structure of the Cation October 1960
Oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene in non-aqueous acidic media January 2010
H2O2 Generation by Decamethylferrocene at a Liquid|Liquid Interface June 2008
Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide reduction by 1,2-diferrocenylethane at a liquid/liquid interface August 2012
Oxygen reduction by decamethylferrocene at liquid/liquid interfaces catalyzed by dodecylaniline February 2010
Mechanism of oxygen reduction by metallocenes near liquid|liquid interfaces September 2014
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation at Liquid|Liquid Interface under Conditions Unfavorable for Proton Transfer from Aqueous to Organic Phase September 2013
Detection of hydrogen peroxide produced at a liquid/liquid interface using scanning electrochemical microscopy February 2009
Catalysis at the room temperature ionic liquid|water interface: H 2 O 2 generation January 2015
Kinetic differentiation of bulk/interfacial oxygen reduction mechanisms at/near liquid/liquid interfaces using scanning electrochemical microscopy October 2014
Electrochemical oxygen reduction at soft interfaces catalyzed by the transfer of hydrated lithium cations October 2014
Hydrogen and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Trifluorotoluene–Water Biphasic Systems September 2014
Regioselective protonation of ferrocene in superacid and formation of a C—H—Fe bond. An experimental and theoretical study of the structure and dynamics of the ferrocenonium ion June 1999
Enolization and oxidation: II. Oxidation of ferrocene by molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in acidic media January 1973
Common relationships of ferrocene oxidation with oxygen and sulfur dioxide in acid solutions and of its direct oxidation with carboxylic acids May 2007
Electrochemical evidence of catalysis of oxygen reduction at the polarized liquid–liquid interface by tetraphenylporphyrin monoacid and diacid October 2009
Fine tuning of the catalytic effect of a metal-free porphyrin on the homogeneous oxygen reduction January 2011
Thermodynamic driving force effects in the oxygen reduction catalyzed by a metal-free porphyrin November 2012
Competitive inhibition of a metal-free porphyrin oxygen-reduction catalyst by water January 2012
Metal-Free-Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces February 2012
Catalytic two-electron reduction of dioxygen catalysed by metal-free [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) January 2015
Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Fluorinated Tetraphenylporphyrin Free Base at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces October 2010
Lewis Acid Coupled Electron Transfer of Metal-Oxygen Intermediates September 2015
ESR Spectra of Superoxide Anion−Scandium Complexes Detectable in Fluid Solution February 1999
Quantitative Evaluation of Lewis Acidity of Metal Ions with Different Ligands and Counterions in Relation to the Promoting Effects of Lewis Acids on Electron Transfer Reduction of Oxygen June 2003
Metallophthalocyanines as catalysts in electrochemical reactions October 1992
Models for the adsorption of dioxygen on metal chelates January 1990
Dioxygen activation chemistry by synthetic mononuclear nonheme iron, copper and chromium complexes March 2017
Activation of Dioxygen by Iron and Manganese Complexes: A Heme and Nonheme Perspective August 2016
Role of the Secondary Coordination Sphere in Metal-Mediated Dioxygen Activation April 2010
Role of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in O–O Bond Activation July 2007
Synthetic oxygen carriers related to biological systems April 1979
Synthetic Heme-Dioxygen Complexes May 1994
Structure and Spectroscopy of Copper−Dioxygen Complexes February 2004
Reactivity of Dioxygen−Copper Systems February 2004
Copper–Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity January 2017
Nature of the Iron–Oxygen Bond in Oxyhæmoglobin July 1964
N -Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rh:  Reaction with Dioxygen without Oxidation March 2008
Dioxygen adducts of rhodium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes January 2013
Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen to Water with a Monomeric Manganese Complex at Room Temperature April 2011
Molecular Catalysis in a Fuel Cell September 2011
Simple Ligand Effects Switch a Hydrogenase Mimic between H 2 and O 2 Activation March 2012
Hydrogenation of a Rhodium Peroxido Complex by Formate Derivatives: Mechanistic Studies and the Catalytic Formation of H 2 O 2 from O 2 November 2012
Density Functional Theory Study of Transitional Metal Macrocyclic Complexes' Dioxygen-Binding Abilities and Their Catalytic Activities toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction May 2007
Homogeneous catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen by a macrocyclic cobalt(III) complex December 1981
Effects of Coordination to a Macrocyclic Cobalt Complex on the Electrochemistry of Dioxygen, Superoxide, and Hydroperoxide May 1995
Analysis of Porphyrines as Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of O 2 and Oxidation of H 2 O January 2014
Probing structure-function relations in heme-containing oxygenases and peroxidases April 1988
On the role of the axial ligand in heme-based catalysis of the peroxidase and P450 type August 1996
The role of the proximal ligand in heme enzymes August 1996
When an amide is more like histidine than imidazole: the role of axial ligands in heme catalysis August 1996
Chemical properties of water-soluble porphyrins. 2. The reaction of iron(III) tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin with the superoxide radical dioxygen couple May 1982
Effects of Axial Coordination of the Metal Center on the Activity of Iron Tetraphenylporphyrin as a Nonprecious Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction August 2014
Imidazole ligand effect on O2 interaction with metalloporphyrins November 2007
The secondary coordination sphere and axial ligand effects on oxygen reduction reaction by iron porphyrins: a DFT computational study August 2016
Heme-Containing Oxygenases January 1996
Copper Active Sites in Biology January 2014
Catalytic mechanism of cytochrome P-450: evidence for a distal charge relay October 1992
Control of the catalytic activity of prosthetic heme by the structure of hemoproteins August 1987
Mechanism of Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes September 2004
Insights into metalloenzyme microenvironments: biomimetic metal complexes with a functional second coordination sphere January 2013
Synthetic Models for Heme−Copper Oxidases February 2004
Bioinspired Hydrogen Bond Motifs in Ligand Design:  The Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Metal Ion Mediated Activation of Dioxygen January 2005
Stereoelectronic factors in CO, NO and O2 binding to heme from vibrational spectroscopy and DFT analysis October 2001
On the significance of hydrogen bonds for the discrimination between CO and O2 by myoglobin February 1999
“Hangman” Porphyrins for the Assembly of a Model Heme Water Channel February 2001
Proton-Directed Redox Control of O−O Bond Activation by Heme Hydroperoxidase Models April 2007
Hangman Corroles: Efficient Synthesis and Oxygen Reaction Chemistry January 2011
Catalytic O−O Activation Chemistry Mediated by Iron Hangman Porphyrins with a Wide Range of Proton-Donating Abilities July 2003
Synthesis of sterically hindered xanthene-modified iron corroles with catalase-like activity January 2013
Electocatalytic Water Oxidation by Cobalt(III) Hangman β-Octafluoro Corroles June 2011
O–O bond splitting mechanism in cytochrome oxidase July 2000
Modeling Cytochrome Oxidase:  A Quantum Chemical Study of the O−O Bond Cleavage Mechanism December 2000
Phenol-Induced O–O Bond Cleavage in a Low-Spin Heme–Peroxo–Copper Complex: Implications for O 2 Reduction in Heme–Copper Oxidases June 2017
Concerted heavy-atom bond cleavage and proton and electron transfers illustrated by proton-assisted reductive cleavage of an O-O bond May 2011
Oxygen reduction reactivity of cobalt(ii) hangman porphyrins January 2010
The effects of hydrogen bonds on metal-mediated O2 activation and related processes January 2008
Synthesis and Reactivity of Tripodal Complexes Containing Pendant Bases August 2014
Synthetic Mononuclear Nonheme Iron–Oxygen Intermediates July 2015
Status of Reactive Non-Heme Metal–Oxygen Intermediates in Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions August 2014
Electron-transfer properties of high-valent metal-oxo complexes May 2013
Spectroscopic Capture and Reactivity of a Low-Spin Cobalt(IV)-Oxo Complex Stabilized by Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions July 2014
An Oxocobalt(IV) Complex Stabilized by Lewis Acid Interactions with Scandium(III) Ions December 2010
Autocatalytic Formation of an Iron(IV)–Oxo Complex via Scandium Ion-Promoted Radical Chain Autoxidation of an Iron(II) Complex with Dioxygen and Tetraphenylborate May 2014
Sc 3+ -Triggered Oxoiron(IV) Formation from O 2 and its Non-Heme Iron(II) Precursor via a Sc 3+ –Peroxo–Fe 3+ Intermediate May 2013
A Mononuclear Non-Heme Manganese(IV)–Oxo Complex Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions January 2013
Metal Ion-Coupled Electron Transfer of a Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complex: Remarkable Enhancement of Electron-Transfer Rates by Sc 3+ January 2011
A Manganese(V)–Oxo Complex: Synthesis by Dioxygen Activation and Enhancement of Its Oxidizing Power by Binding Scandium Ion June 2016
Nonredox Metal-Ions-Enhanced Dioxygen Activation by Oxidovanadium(IV) Complexes toward Hydrogen Atom Abstraction December 2016
A mononuclear nonheme iron(iii)–peroxo complex binding redox-inactive metal ions January 2013
Fine Control of the Redox Reactivity of a Nonheme Iron(III)-Peroxo Complex by Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions December 2016
Redox-inactive metal ions modulate the reactivity and oxygen release of mononuclear non-haem iron(III)–peroxo complexes September 2014
Iron(III) Complex of a Crown Ether−Porphyrin Conjugate and Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Its Iron(II) Form April 2007
Volume Profile Analysis for the Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Form Iron(II)-Superoxo/Iron(III)-Peroxo Porphyrin Complexes December 2010
Solution behavior of iron( iii ) and iron( ii ) porphyrins in DMSO and reaction with superoxide. Effect of neighboring positive charge on thermodynamics, kinetics and nature of iron-(su)peroxo product January 2012
A Heterobimetallic Superoxide Complex formed through O 2 Activation between Chromium(II) and a Lithium Cation December 2014
Synthesis and Characterization of Cofacial Metallodiporphyrins Involving Cobalt and Lewis Acid Metals: New Dinuclear Multielectron Redox Catalysts of Dioxygen Reduction November 1995
Catalytic Cycle of a Divanadium Complex with Salen Ligands in O 2 Reduction:  Two-Electron Redox Process of the Dinuclear Center (salen = N,N‘ -Ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) January 1996
Catalysis of the Electroreduction of O 2 to H 2 O by Vanadium−salen Complexes in Acidified Dichloromethane July 1999
Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium(III,IV,V)−Salen Complexes in Acetonitrile. Four-Electron Reduction of O 2 by V(III)−Salen January 2000
Schiff Base Complexes of Vanadium(III, IV, V) as Catalysts for the Electroreduction of O 2 to H 2 O in Acetonitrile March 2001
High-Valent Chromium–Oxo Complex Acting as an Efficient Catalyst Precursor for Selective Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by a Ferrocene Derivative June 2014
A Redox-Active Ligand as a Reservoir for Protons and Electrons: O2 Reduction at Zirconium(IV) October 2011
Combination of Redox-Active Ligand and Lewis Acid for Dioxygen Reduction with π-Bound Molybdenum−Quinonoid Complexes January 2015
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen Using Water-Soluble Iron and Cobalt Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins October 1996
Phthalocyanine Metal Complexes in Catalysis June 2013
Electrochemistry of Corroles in Nonaqueous Media November 2016
Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies October 2016
Catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen using water soluble iron porphyrin April 1978
Rotating-ring-disk analysis of iron tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin in electrocatalysis of oxygen November 1979
Electrochemistry of oxygen reduction. 4. Oxygen to water conversion by iron(II)(tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin) via hydrogen peroxide March 1983
Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction by water-soluble iron porphyrins August 1990
Molecular Catalysis of O 2 Reduction by Iron Porphyrins in Water: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Pathways October 2015
Unraveling the Phase-Transfer Catalysis Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Iron(III) meso -tetra-(4- N -Methyl-pyridyl) Porphine at the Liquid/Liquid Interface September 2016
Catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen using iron or cobalt 4,4',4",4'"-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine March 1985
Chemically Regenerative Redox Fuel Cells Using Iron Redox Couples as a Liquid Catalyst with Cocatalysts July 2016
Efficient reduction of dioxygen with ferrocene derivatives, catalyzed by metalloporphyrins in the presence of perchloric acid June 1989
Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocene Derivatives January 1989
Second Sphere Control of Redox Catalysis: Selective Reduction of O 2 to O 2 – or H 2 O by an Iron Porphyrin Catalyst January 2013
Selective 4e – /4H + O 2 Reduction by an Iron(tetraferrocenyl)Porphyrin Complex: From Proton Transfer Followed by Electron Transfer in Organic Solvent to Proton Coupled Electron Transfer in Aqueous Medium December 2013
Novel Multinuclear Catalysts for the Electroreduction of Dioxygen Directly to Water November 1997
Factors Determining the Rate and Selectivity of 4e – /4H + Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dioxygen by Iron Porphyrin Complexes July 2017
Catalytic Reduction of O 2 by Cytochrome c Using a Synthetic Model of Cytochrome c Oxidase April 2009
Homogeneous catalytic O2 reduction to water by a cytochrome c oxidase model with trapping of intermediates and mechanistic insights August 2011
An experimental and theoretical study of the synthesis and vibrational spectroscopy of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) September 2004
Molecular Catalysts for Multielectron Redox Reactions of Small Molecules: The“Cofacial Metallodiporphyrin” Approach September 1994
Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction. 5. Oxygen to hydrogen peroxide conversion by cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin November 1985
The use of an electrogenerated cobalt(I) porphyrin for the homogeneous catalytic reduction of dioxygen in dimethylformamide. Reactions of [(TMpyP)CoII]4+ and [(TMpyP)CoI]3+ where TMpyP = meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin October 1990
Synthesis and studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen by non-planar cobalt(II) tetrakis-(N-methyl pyridyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin August 1996
Electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen using non-planar cobalt tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin April 1997
Inhibitory Effect of Water on the Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin March 2014
Water may inhibit oxygen binding in hemoprotein models February 2009
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Oxygen uptake kinetics, equilibriums and intermediates in aqueous CoII(N4) systems August 1980
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Role of intermediates in reactions of .mu.-peroxo-dicobalt complexes July 1981
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Electron-transfer reactivity of a 1:1 cobalt(II)-dioxygen adduct August 1984
Electrode catalysis of the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water by dicobalt face-to-face porphyrins September 1980
Formation and homolysis of a mononuclear cobalt-oxygen adduct March 1990
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Metallophthalocyanine‐Oxygen Interactions in Nonaqueous Solutions April 1995
Clarification of the Oxidation State of Cobalt Corroles in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen June 2008
Efficient Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide with One-Electron Reductants with a Small Overpotential Catalyzed by a Cobalt Chlorin Complex February 2013
Much Enhanced Catalytic Reactivity of Cobalt Chlorin Derivatives on Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide January 2015
A Self-Assembled Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrin Prism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis January 2017
Further studies of the dimeric .beta.-linked "face-to-face four" porphyrin: FTF4 May 1983
Electroreduction of oxygen by pillared cobalt(II) cofacial diporphyrin catalysts May 1984
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical quadruply aza bridged closely interspaced cofacial bis(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrins). 3. Interplanar distances, proton NMR chemical shifts, and the catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of oxygen June 1992
Dehydrogenation versus Oxygenation in Two-Electron and Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by 9-Alkyl-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridines Catalyzed by Monomeric Cobalt Porphyrins and Cofacial Dicobalt Porphyrins in the Presence of Perchloric Acid December 2004
Catalytic Activity of Biscobalt Porphyrin-Corrole Dyads Toward the Reduction of Dioxygen March 2009
Remarkable oxygen affinity of a mixed valence dicobalt cofacial porphyrin CoIIICoIIFTF4 February 1986
Reactivity toward Dioxygen of Dicobalt Face-to-Face Diporphyrins in Aprotic Media. Experimental and Theoretical Aspects. Possible Mechanistic Implication in the Reduction of Dioxygen July 1997
Dioxygen Reduction at Dicobalt Complexes of a Schiff Base Calixpyrrole Ligand January 2007
Binuclear Cobalt Complexes of Schiff-Base Calixpyrroles and Their Roles in the Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen June 2009
Tailoring dicobalt Pacman complexes of Schiff-base calixpyrroles towards dioxygenreduction catalysis January 2010
Double-pillared cobalt Pacman complexes: synthesis, structures and oxygen reduction catalysis January 2012
Catalysis of the electroreduction of O2 by cobalt 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin dissolved in thin layers of benzonitrile on graphite electrodes July 2001
Molecular electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction at a polarised interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions by Co(II) tetraphenylporphyrin September 2007
Proton Pump for O 2 Reduction Catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II) February 2009
Oxygen reduction at a water-1,2-dichlorobenzene interface catalyzed by cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrine – A fuel cell approach August 2011
Dioxygen Reduction by Cobalt(II) Octaethylporphyrin at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces July 2010
Biomimetic Oxygen Reduction by Cofacial Porphyrins at a Liquid–Liquid Interface March 2012
Proton-Coupled O 2 Reduction Reaction Catalysed by Cobalt Phthalocyanine at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces May 2012
Fluorinated-cobalt phthalocyanine catalyzed oxygen reduction at liquid/liquid interfaces January 2013
Catalytic Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocene Derivatives with Manganese(V) Corroles April 2015
Catalytic Electroreduction of Molecular Oxygen Using [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(1-Methylpyridinium-4-Yl)Porphinato]Manganese December 1985
The production of hydrogen peroxide from dioxygen and hydroxylamine catalysed by manganese complexes January 1985
Production of hydrogen peroxide from dioxygen and hydroxylamine or hydrazine catalysed by manganese complexes January 1992
Dioxygen Activation and Catalytic Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide by a Thiolate-Bridged Dimanganese(II) Complex with a Pendant Thiol June 2015
A Hydrogen-Bond Facilitated Cycle for Oxygen Reduction by an Acid- and Base-Compatible Iron Platform November 2009
Mononuclear Copper Complex-Catalyzed Four-Electron Reduction of Oxygen May 2010
Enhanced Catalytic Four-Electron Dioxygen (O 2 ) and Two-Electron Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Reduction with a Copper(II) Complex Possessing a Pendant Ligand Pivalamido Group April 2013
Lewis Acid-Induced Change from Four- to Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Copper Complexes Using Scandium Triflate February 2015
Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen by copper complexes with pyridylalkylamine ligands dissolved in aqueous buffer solution: the relationship between activity and redox potential January 2014
Factors That Control Catalytic Two- versus Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Copper Complexes April 2012
Electron-Transfer Reduction of Dinuclear Copper Peroxo and Bis-μ-oxo Complexes Leading to the Catalytic Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Water January 2012
Cooperative Effects in Copper Polyamido­amine Dendrimer Complexes Catalyzing the Reduction of Molecular Oxygen: Cooperative Effects in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Cu Complexes September 2015
Catalytic Four-Electron Reduction of O 2 via Rate-Determining Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer to a Dinuclear Cobalt-μ-1,2-peroxo Complex June 2012
Four-electron reduction of dioxygen catalysed by dinuclear cobalt complexes bridged by bis(terpyridyl)anthracene January 2013
Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen Using Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts November 2007
Highly Practical Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System for Chemoselective Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols October 2011
Catalytic Oxidation of Organic Substrates by Molecular Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide by Multistep Electron Transfer—A Biomimetic Approach April 2008
Palladium Oxidase Catalysis: Selective Oxidation of Organic Chemicals by Direct Dioxygen-Coupled Turnover June 2004
CHEMISTRY: Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Chemicals with O2 September 2005
Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Organic Reactions June 2013
Copper/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation: Mechanistic Assessment of Different Catalyst Systems October 2013
Mechanism of Copper(I)/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation January 2013
Room Temperature Aerobic Copper–Catalysed Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes June 2004
Catalytic Activity Dependency on Catalyst Components in Aerobic Copper-TEMPO Oxidation September 2009
Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with oxygen and cupric ion, mediated by nitrosonium ion May 1984
Mechanism of Alcohol Oxidation Mediated by Copper(II) and Nitroxyl Radicals August 2014
Mechanism of the Copper/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols December 2016
Co(salophen)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of p -Hydroquinone: Mechanism and Implications for Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis March 2016
Development of a monolith-based process for H2O2 production: from idea to large-scale implementation September 2001
Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on anthraquinone-modified glassy carbon electrodes in alkaline solution January 2003
Homogeneous Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Catalyst Benchmarking and Optimization Strategies June 2017

Cited By (50)

Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide January 2020
Efficient photocatalytic proton-coupled electron-transfer reduction of O 2 using a saddle-distorted porphyrin as a photocatalyst January 2019
Tuning the Activity of Heterogeneous Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrins for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis through Self-Assembly July 2018
Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Cupric Superoxide Complexes with O−H and C−H Substrates December 2019
Molecular Engineering of a 3D Self‐Supported Electrode for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media December 2019
Metallosupramolecular Polymer Precursor Design for Multi-Element Co-Doped Carbon Shells with Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalytic Activity January 2019
Electronically varied manganese tris-arylacetamide tripodal complexes January 2019
Trifluoromethylation for affecting the structural, electronic and redox properties of cobalt corroles January 2019
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction December 2019
Visible-light-promoted oxidative halogenation of alkynes January 2019
A mixed-ion strategy to construct CNT-decorated Co/N-doped hollow carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction January 2018
Free‐Standing 3D Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide July 2019
The oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 flavodiiron proteins January 2019
Combining scaling relationships overcomes rate versus overpotential trade-offs in O 2 molecular electrocatalysis March 2020
Structure and reactivity of the first-row d-block metal-superoxo complexes January 2019
A General Method for Transition Metal Single Atoms Anchored on Honeycomb‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets January 2020
Liquefied Sunshine: Transforming Renewables into Fertilizers and Energy Carriers with Electromaterials November 2019
Carbon Nanotubes with Cobalt Corroles for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in pH 0–14 Solutions October 2018
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction September 2019
A Phthalocyanine‐Based Layered Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction July 2019
Metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction based on trioxotriangulene May 2019
Active Sites and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials October 2018
Small-molecule activation with iron porphyrins using electrons, photons and protons: some recent advances and future strategies January 2019
A bi-functional cobalt-porphyrinoid electrocatalyst: balance between overpotential and selectivity May 2019
Carbon Nanotubes with Cobalt Corroles for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in pH 0-14 Solutions October 2018
Triple hydrogen atom abstraction from Mn–NH 3 complexes results in cyclophosphazenium cations January 2019
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction September 2019
A Phthalocyanine-Based Layered Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction July 2019
Electrochemical Minisci-type trifluoromethylation of electron-deficient heterocycles mediated by bromide ions January 2019
MOFs for Electrocatalysis: From Serendipity to Design Strategies December 2018
Hierarchical N-Doped Porous Carbons for Zn–Air Batteries and Supercapacitors January 2020
Controlled O 2 reduction at a mixed-valent (II,I) Cu 2 S core January 2020
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction December 2019
Lattice-strained metal–organic-framework arrays for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis January 2019
Designing electrochemically reversible H2 oxidation and production catalysts August 2018
High-valence Cu II Cu III species in action: demonstration of aliphatic C–H bond activation at room temperature January 2019
Significantly improved electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by an asymmetrical Pacman dinuclear cobalt( ii ) porphyrin–porphyrin dyad January 2020
Synthetic access to new porphyrinoids from 2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and an arylacetonitrile October 2018
Proton-coupled electron transfer oxidation of O–H bond by the N-radical cation of Wurster's blue salt (TMPDA˙ + ) January 2019
Molecular Engineering of a 3D Self‐Supported Electrode for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media November 2019
Reactivity of rhodium and iridium peroxido complexes towards hydrogen in the presence of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 or [H(OEt 2 ) 2 ][B{3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 } 4 ] January 2018
Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Cupric Superoxide Complexes with O−H and C−H Substrates October 2019
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatized azo-oximes of cobalt( iii ) for the ligand-redox controlled electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction January 2020
Fast Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Copper(II) Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine Complex through a Stepwise Mechanism June 2019
Directly immobilizing a Ru–tannic acid linkage coordination complex on carbon cloth: an efficient and ultrastable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction January 2019
Applications of the Marcus cross relation to inner sphere reduction of O 2 : implications in small-molecule activation January 2019
Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide January 2020
Electronically varied manganese tris-arylacetamide tripodal complexes March 2019
Fast Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Copper(II) Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Complex through a Stepwise Mechanism July 2019
Postoperative pain in children: Comparison between ratings of children and nurses January 1996

Similar Records

Related Subjects

oxygen
electrocatalysis
molecular