Non-flammable electrolytes with high salt-to-solvent ratios for Li-ion and Li-metal batteries

Zeng, Ziqi; Murugesan, Vijayakumar; Han, Kee Sung; Jiang, Xiaoyu; Cao, Yuliang; Xiao, Lifen; Ai, Xinping; Yang, Hanxi; Zhang, Jiguang; Sushko, Maria L.; Liu, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0196-y

Title: Non-flammable electrolytes with high salt-to-solvent ratios for Li-ion and Li-metal batteries

Journal Article · Mon Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0196-y· OSTI ID:1591877

Zeng, Ziqi ^[1];

^[2]; Han, Kee Sung ^[2]; Jiang, Xiaoyu ^[1]; Cao, Yuliang ^[1]; Xiao, Lifen ^[3]; Ai, Xinping ^[4]; Yang, Hanxi ^[4];

^[2];

^[2]; Liu, Jun ^[2]

Wuhan University
BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS
Academia

Non-flammable electrolytes could intrinsically eliminate fire hazards and improve battery safety, but their compatibility with electrode materials, especially graphite anodes, remains an obstacle owing to the strong catalytic activity of the anode surfaces. Here, we report an approach that improves the stability of non-flammable phosphate electrolytes by adjusting the molar ratio of Li salt to solvent. At a high Li salt-to-solvent molar ratio (~1:2), the phosphate solvent molecules are mostly coordinated with the Li+ cations, and the undesired reactivity of the solvent molecules toward the graphite anode can be effectively suppressed. High cycling Coulombic efficiency (99.7%), good cycle life and safe operation of commercial 18650 Li-ion cells with these electrolytes are demonstrated. In addition, these non-flammable electrolytes show reduced reactivity toward Li-metal electrodes. Non-dendritic Li-metal plating and stripping in Li–Cu half-cells are demonstrated with high Coulombic efficiency (> 99%) and good stability.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1591877

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-138577

Journal Information:: Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 8

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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