skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Temporal and angular variations of 3D core-collapse supernova emissions and their physical correlations

Journal Article · · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
  2. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

Abstract We provide the time series and angular distributions of the neutrino and gravitational wave emissions of 11 state-of-the-art 3D non-rotating core-collapse supernova models and explore correlations between these signatures and the real-time dynamics of the shock and the proto-neutron star (PNS) core. The neutrino emissions are roughly isotropic on average, with instantaneous excursions about the mean inferred luminosity of as much as ±20 per cent. The deviation from isotropy is least for the ‘νμ’-type neutrinos and the lowest mass progenitors. Instantaneous temporal luminosity variations along a given direction for exploding models average ∼2–4 per cent, but can be as high as ∼10 per cent. For non-exploding models, they can achieve ∼25 per cent. The temporal variations in the neutrino emissions correlate with the temporal and angular variations in the mass accretion rate. We witness the lepton-number emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA) phenomenon in all our models and find that the vector direction of the LESA dipole and that of the inner Ye distribution are highly correlated. For our entire set of 3D models, we find strong connections between the cumulative neutrino energy losses, the radius of the proto-neutron star, and the f-mode frequency of the gravitational wave emissions. When physically normalized, the progenitor-to-progenitor variation in any of these quantities is no more than ∼10 per cent. Moreover, the reduced f-mode frequency is independent of time after bounce to better than ∼10 per cent. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of gravitational waves and neutrinos from a given supernova event can be used synergistically to extract real physical quantities of the supernova core.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0018297; AC03-76SF00098; AC02-06CH11357; PHY-1144374; AST-1714267; OCI-0725070; ACI-1238993; TG-AST170045; OAC-1809073
OSTI ID:
1560359
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1577800
Journal Information:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 489 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 74 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (80)

Nucleosynthesis and remnants in massive stars of solar metallicity journal April 2007
One-, Two-, and Three-dimensional Simulations of Oxygen-shell Burning Just before the Core Collapse of Massive Stars journal August 2019
The Criterion of Supernova Explosion Revisited: the mass Accretion History journal December 2015
Neutrino opacities in nuclear matter journal October 2006
An Investigation into the Character of Pre-Explosion Core-Collapse Supernova Shock Motion journal October 2012
Revival of the fittest: exploding core-collapse supernovae from 12 to 25 M⊙ journal March 2018
Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport Compared to the Ray-by-ray-plus Approximation journal March 2019
The Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae journal June 2018
Symmetry Parameter Constraints from a Lower Bound on Neutron-matter Energy journal October 2017
Identifying rotation in SASI-dominated core-collapse supernovae with a neutrino gyroscope journal December 2018
Neutrino-nucleon scattering in supernova matter from the virial expansion journal February 2017
Observing Supernova Neutrino Light Curves with Super-Kamiokande: Expected Event Number over 10 s journal August 2019
Circular polarization of gravitational waves from non-rotating supernova cores: a new probe into the pre-explosion hydrodynamics journal April 2018
Estimating the core compactness of massive stars with Galactic supernova neutrinos journal October 2017
Rotation-supported Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions in Three Dimensions and the Critical Luminosity Condition journal January 2018
Non-radial instabilities of isothermal Bondi accretion with a shock: Vortical-acoustic cycle vs. post-shock acceleration journal August 2002
Neutrino Signature of Supernova Hydrodynamical Instabilities in Three Dimensions journal September 2013
Non-radial instabilities and progenitor asphericities in core-collapse supernovae journal February 2015
Three-dimensional supernova explosion simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars journal February 2019
Delayed Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions Aided by the Standing Accretion-Shock Instability journal March 2009
Constraining absolute neutrino masses via detection of galactic supernova neutrinos at JUNO journal May 2015
Effects of correlations on neutrino opacities in nuclear matter journal July 1998
The Progenitor Dependence of the Pre-Explosion Neutrino Emission in Core-Collapse Supernovae journal December 2012
Development of effective power supply using electric double layer capacitor for static magnetic field coils in fusion plasma experiments journal February 2011
Mass Limits For Black Hole Formation journal September 1999
Should one use the Ray-By-Ray Approximation in Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations? journal October 2016
Three-dimensional simulations of rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae: finding a neutrino-powered explosion aided by non-axisymmetric flows journal May 2016
Shallow Water Analogue of the Standing Accretion Shock Instability: Experimental Demonstration and a Two-Dimensional Model journal January 2012
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATED USING A 15 M PROGENITOR journal July 2015
Gravitational waves from 3D core-collapse supernova models: The impact of moderate progenitor rotation journal April 2019
Two-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Aided by General Relativity with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport journal February 2018
Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae journal September 2018
Effects of LESA in Three-dimensional Supernova Simulations with Multidimensional and Ray-by-ray-plus Neutrino Transport journal August 2019
Criteria for Core‐Collapse Supernova Explosions by the Neutrino Mechanism journal December 2008
Characterizing the Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae journal April 2019
Fornax: A Flexible Code for Multiphysics Astrophysical Simulations journal February 2019
A successful 3D core-collapse supernova explosion model journal September 2018
Progenitor-Dependent Explosion Dynamics in Self-Consistent, Axisymmetric Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae journal June 2016
Supernova Neutrino Detection with IceCube journal August 2011
Three-dimensional Boltzmann-hydro Code for Core-collapse in Massive Stars. III. A New Method for Momentum Feedback from Neutrino to Matter journal June 2019
Features of Accretion-phase Gravitational-wave Emission from Two-dimensional Rotating Core-collapse Supernovae journal June 2019
The Progenitor Dependence of Core-collapse Supernovae from Three-dimensional Simulations with Progenitor Models of 12–40 M journal February 2018
Electron Neutrino Pair Annihilation: A New Source for Muon and Tau Neutrinos in Supernovae journal April 2003
General-Relativistic Three-Dimensional Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae journal October 2016
Stability of Standing Accretion Shocks, with an Eye toward Core‐Collapse Supernovae journal February 2003
Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Multi-Dimensional Transport journal February 2015
A new Multi-Dimensional General Relativistic Neutrino Hydrodynamics code of Core-Collapse Supernovae. iii. Gravitational wave Signals from Supernova Explosion Models journal March 2013
Gravitational wave emission from 3D explosion models of core-collapse supernovae with low and normal explosion energies journal May 2019
IceCube sensitivity for low-energy neutrinos from nearby supernovae journal November 2011
Gravitational wave signals from 3D neutrino hydrodynamics simulations of core-collapse supernovae journal March 2017
Dependence of the outer boundary condition on protoneutron star asteroseismology with gravitational-wave signatures journal June 2019
Supernova Neutrino Oscillations journal January 2005
Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism journal January 2018
Detecting the Supernova Breakout Burst in Terrestrial Neutrino Detectors journal February 2016
A new Gravitational-Wave Signature from Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Supernovae journal September 2016
μ and τ neutrino thermalization and production in supernovae: Processes and time scales journal August 2000
Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics: an improved effective gravitational potential for supernova simulations journal December 2005
Improved estimate of electron capture rates on nuclei during stellar core collapse journal December 2010
Multimessenger signals of long-term core-collapse supernova simulations: synergetic observation strategies journal June 2016
A High-resolution Study of Presupernova Core Structure journal June 2018
Sasi Activity in Three-Dimensional Neutrino-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Supernova Cores journal May 2013
Multidimensional supernova simulations with approximative neutrino transport: II. Convection and the advective-acoustic cycle in the supernova core journal December 2007
Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger journal February 2016
Supernova simulations from a 3D progenitor model – Impact of perturbations and evolution of explosion properties journal August 2017
A numerical model for multigroup radiation hydrodynamics journal May 2011
Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-Powered Explosions journal April 2016
Correlated Signatures of Gravitational-wave and Neutrino Emission in Three-dimensional General-relativistic Core-collapse Supernova Simulations journal December 2017
Electron-capture and Low-mass Iron-core-collapse Supernovae: New Neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics Simulations journal November 2017
Linear Growth of Spiral SASI Modes in Core‐Collapse Supernovae journal February 2007
Impact of Neutrino Opacities on Core-collapse Supernova Simulations journal February 2018
Core-Collapse Supernova Equations of State Based on Neutron star Observations journal August 2013
Self-Sustained Asymmetry of Lepton-Number Emission: a new Phenomenon During the Supernova Shock-Accretion Phase in Three Dimensions journal August 2014
Real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande journal August 2016
Is Strong sasi Activity the key to Successful Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions? journal August 2012
Universal Relations for Gravitational-Wave Asteroseismology of Protoneutron Stars journal July 2019
Neutrino signals of core-collapse supernovae in underground detectors journal August 2018
Future Detection of Supernova Neutrino Burst and Explosion Mechanism journal March 1998
Chapter 3. A Way to 3D Numerical Relativity journal January 1997
Physics potentials with the second Hyper-Kamiokande detector in Korea journal June 2018
The impact of asymmetric neutrino emissions on nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae journal July 2019

Similar Records

Revival of the fittest: exploding core-collapse supernovae from 12 to 25 M⊙
Journal Article · Wed Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1560359

Core-collapse supernova neutrino emission and detection informed by state-of-the-art three-dimensional numerical models
Journal Article · Sat Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1560359

The overarching framework of core-collapse supernova explosions as revealed by 3D fornax simulations
Journal Article · Thu Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1560359