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Title: Electrochemical Properties and Challenges of Type II Silicon Clathrate Anode in Sodium Ion Batteries

Journal Article · · Journal of the Electrochemical Society
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1201913jes· OSTI ID:1569447
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  2. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States). Dept. of Physics
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The development of advanced anodes for low-cost room temperature sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with high cycling stability is of great significance. Silicon clathrates are promising intercalation anodes due to their cage-like frameworks. It is predicted that the open cages can easily accommodate alkali ions with negligible volume changes. However, the complicated surface structure and chemical reactions make it challenging to understand the electrochemical performance of clathrate anodes in SIBs. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of type II clathrate anodes in SIBs. A slightly elevated testing temperature (45 degrees C) is shown to improve the cell capacity and rate performance due to the improved ionic conductivity. However, side reactions on the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and loss of active material during the first sodiation process contribute to the low Coulombic efficiency during the first cycle. Analysis is supported by electrode morphology, elemental mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the clathrate electrodes at different electrochemical states. Na+ ion transport behavior between clathrate cages and surface in terms of migration barriers was also computed to explain the positive effect of higher cell testing temperature, and the low Coulombic efficiency of the first cycle.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1569447
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5400-73015
Journal Information:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 13; ISSN 0013-4651
Publisher:
The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 5 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
sodium ion batteries
type II silicon clathrate
anode performance assessment