Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current

doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0282-0

Title: Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current

Abstract

Spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in multilayers of ferromagnetic (FM) and non-magnetic (NM) metals can manipulate the magnetization of the FM layer efficiently. This is employed, for example, in non-volatile magnetic memories for energy-efficient mobile electronics1,2 and spin torque nano-oscilla-tors3–7 for neuromorphic computing8. Recently, spin torque nano-oscillators also found use in microwave-assisted mag-netic recording, which enables ultrahigh-capacity hard disk drives9. Most SOT devices employ spin Hall10,11 and Rashba12 effects, which originate from spin–orbit coupling within the NM layer and at the FM/NM interfaces, respectively. Recently, SOTs generated by the anomalous Hall effect in FM/NM/FM multilayers were predicted13 and experimentally realized14. The control of SOTs through crystal symmetry was demonstrated as well15. Understanding all the types of SOTs that can arise in magnetic multilayers is needed for a formula-tion of a comprehensive SOT theory and for engineering prac-tical SOT devices. Here we show that a spin-polarized electric current known to give rise to anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and the planar Hall effect (PHE) in a FM16 can addition-ally generate large antidamping SOTs with an unusual angu-lar symmetry in NM1/FM/NM2 multilayers. This effect can be described by a recently proposed magnonic mechanism17. Our measurements reveal that this torque can be large in multilay-ers in whichmore »« less

Authors:

Safranski, Christopher;

;

Publication Date:: 2018-10-29

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

OSTI Identifier:: 1566617

DOE Contract Number:: SC0012670; SC0014467

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: Nature Nanotechnology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: phonons, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric, spin dynamics, spintronics

Citation Formats


                    Safranski, Christopher, Montoya, Eric A., and Krivorotov, Ilya N. Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0282-0.

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                    Safranski, Christopher, Montoya, Eric A., & Krivorotov, Ilya N. Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0282-0

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                    Safranski, Christopher, Montoya, Eric A., and Krivorotov, Ilya N. Mon .  
        "Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0282-0.

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@article{osti_1566617,

  title        = {Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current},

  author       = {Safranski, Christopher and Montoya, Eric A. and Krivorotov, Ilya N.},

  abstractNote = {Spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in multilayers of ferromagnetic (FM) and non-magnetic (NM) metals can manipulate the magnetization of the FM layer efficiently. This is employed, for example, in non-volatile magnetic memories for energy-efficient mobile electronics1,2 and spin torque nano-oscilla-tors3–7 for neuromorphic computing8. Recently, spin torque nano-oscillators also found use in microwave-assisted mag-netic recording, which enables ultrahigh-capacity hard disk drives9. Most SOT devices employ spin Hall10,11 and Rashba12 effects, which originate from spin–orbit coupling within the NM layer and at the FM/NM interfaces, respectively. Recently, SOTs generated by the anomalous Hall effect in FM/NM/FM multilayers were predicted13 and experimentally realized14. The control of SOTs through crystal symmetry was demonstrated as well15. Understanding all the types of SOTs that can arise in magnetic multilayers is needed for a formula-tion of a comprehensive SOT theory and for engineering prac-tical SOT devices. Here we show that a spin-polarized electric current known to give rise to anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and the planar Hall effect (PHE) in a FM16 can addition-ally generate large antidamping SOTs with an unusual angu-lar symmetry in NM1/FM/NM2 multilayers. This effect can be described by a recently proposed magnonic mechanism17. Our measurements reveal that this torque can be large in multilay-ers in which both spin Hall and Rashba torques are negligible. Furthermore, we demonstrate the operation of a spin torque nano-oscillator driven by this SOT. These findings signifi-cantly expand the class of materials that exhibit giant SOTs.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41565-018-0282-0},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1566617},
  journal      = {Nature Nanotechnology},

  issn         = {1748-3387},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {10}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Spin–orbit torque driven by a planar Hall current

Abstract

Citation Formats

Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection journal, August 2011

Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum journal, May 2012

Nonlinear Auto-Oscillator Theory of Microwave Generation by Spin-Polarized Current journal, April 2009

Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current journal, October 2012

Nanowire spin torque oscillator driven by spin orbit torques journal, December 2014

Generation of coherent spin-wave modes in yttrium iron garnet microdiscs by spin–orbit torque journal, January 2016

Long-range mutual synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators journal, November 2016

Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators journal, July 2017

Electric Manipulation of Spin Relaxation Using the Spin Hall Effect journal, July 2008

Spin Hall effects journal, October 2015

New perspectives for Rashba spin–orbit coupling journal, August 2015

Spin-Transfer Torques Generated by the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance journal, April 2015

Reorientable Spin Direction for Spin Current Produced by the Anomalous Hall Effect journal, June 2018

Control of spin–orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers journal, November 2016

Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effects in Fe, Co, Ni, Fe 4 N, and Half-Metallic Ferromagnet: A Systematic Analysis journal, February 2012

Thermally driven spin torques in layered magnetic insulators journal, February 2016

Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy journal, February 2006

Origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers journal, July 2017

Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance with magnetic field modulation journal, October 2013

Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers journal, December 2010

Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures journal, July 2013

Spin caloritronic nano-oscillator journal, July 2017

Chemical potential of quasi-equilibrium magnon gas driven by pure spin current journal, November 2017

Control and local measurement of the spin chemical potential in a magnetic insulator journal, July 2017

Observation of spin-orbit effects with spin rotation symmetry journal, October 2017

Spin currents and spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic trilayers journal, March 2018

Reduction of in-plane field required for spin-orbit torque magnetization reversal by insertion of Au spacer in Pt/Au/Co/Ni/Co/Ta journal, October 2017

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Room-Temperature Current-Induced Generation and Motion of sub-100 nm Skyrmions journal, March 2017

Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection
journal, August 2011

Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum
journal, May 2012

Nonlinear Auto-Oscillator Theory of Microwave Generation by Spin-Polarized Current
journal, April 2009

Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current
journal, October 2012

Nanowire spin torque oscillator driven by spin orbit torques
journal, December 2014

Generation of coherent spin-wave modes in yttrium iron garnet microdiscs by spin–orbit torque
journal, January 2016

Long-range mutual synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators
journal, November 2016

Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators
journal, July 2017

Electric Manipulation of Spin Relaxation Using the Spin Hall Effect
journal, July 2008

Spin Hall effects
journal, October 2015

New perspectives for Rashba spin–orbit coupling
journal, August 2015

Spin-Transfer Torques Generated by the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance
journal, April 2015

Reorientable Spin Direction for Spin Current Produced by the Anomalous Hall Effect
journal, June 2018

Control of spin–orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers
journal, November 2016

Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effects in Fe, Co, Ni, Fe ₄ N, and Half-Metallic Ferromagnet: A Systematic Analysis
journal, February 2012

Thermally driven spin torques in layered magnetic insulators
journal, February 2016

Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy
journal, February 2006

Origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers
journal, July 2017

Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance with magnetic field modulation
journal, October 2013

Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers
journal, December 2010

Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures
journal, July 2013

Spin caloritronic nano-oscillator
journal, July 2017

Chemical potential of quasi-equilibrium magnon gas driven by pure spin current
journal, November 2017

Control and local measurement of the spin chemical potential in a magnetic insulator
journal, July 2017

Observation of spin-orbit effects with spin rotation symmetry
journal, October 2017

Spin currents and spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic trilayers
journal, March 2018

Reduction of in-plane field required for spin-orbit torque magnetization reversal by insertion of Au spacer in Pt/Au/Co/Ni/Co/Ta
journal, October 2017

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Room-Temperature Current-Induced Generation and Motion of sub-100 nm Skyrmions
journal, March 2017