Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4

Brady, Esther C.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Kay, Jennifer E.; Rosenbloom, Nan

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1

Title: Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4

Journal Article · Fri Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Climate

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1· OSTI ID:1565085

Brady, Esther C. ^[1]; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. ^[1]; Kay, Jennifer E. ^[1]; Rosenbloom, Nan ^[1]

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)

Findings are introduced from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) at the standard 1° resolution, the same resolution as the majority of the CCSM4 CMIP5 long-term simulations for the historical and future projection scenarios. The forcings and boundary conditions for this simulation follow the protocols of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, version 3 (PMIP3). Two additional CCSM4 CO₂ sensitivity simulations, in which the concentrations are abruptly changed at the start of the simulation to the low 185 ppm LGM concentrations (LGMCO2) and to a quadrupling of the preindustrial concentration (4×CO₂), are also analyzed. For the full LGM simulation, the estimated equilibrium cooling of the global mean annual surface temperature is 5.5°C with an estimated radiative forcing of -6.2 W m^-2. The radiative forcing includes the effects of the reduced LGM greenhouse gases, ice sheets, continental distribution with sea level lowered by approximately 120 m from the present, and orbital parameters, but not changes to atmospheric aerosols or vegetation biogeography. The LGM simulation has an equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 3.1(±0.3)°C, comparable to the CCSM4 4×CO₂ result. The LGMCO₂ simulation shows a greater ECS of 4.2°C. Other responses found at the LGM in CCSM4 include a global precipitation rate decrease at a rate of ~2% °C^-1, similar to climate change simulations in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4); a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) with a shoaling of North Atlantic Deep Water and a filling of the deep basin up to sill depth with Antarctic Bottom Water; and an enhanced seasonal cycle accompanied by reduced ENSO variability in the eastern Pacific Ocean’s SSTs.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1565085

Journal Information:: Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 6; ISSN 0894-8755

Publisher:: American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 134 works

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Deglacial evolution of regional Antarctic climate and Southern Ocean conditions in transient climate simulations Lowry, Daniel P.; Golledge, Nicholas R.; Menviel, Laurie Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-69	posted_content	June 2018
Does Antarctic glaciation cool the world? Goldner, A.; Huber, M.; Caballero, R. Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-2645-2012	posted_content	July 2012
Interactive ocean bathymetry and coastlines for simulating the last deglaciation with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-v1.2) Meccia, Virna Loana; Mikolajewicz, Uwe Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4677-2018	journal	January 2018
Ice-sheet configuration in the CMIP5/PMIP3 Last Glacial Maximum experiments Abe-Ouchi, A.; Saito, F.; Kageyama, M. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-4293-2015	journal	January 2015
A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 5–8 Jensen, Mari F.; Nummelin, Aleksi; Nielsen, Søren B. Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.118815	text	January 2018
Impacts of surface boundary conditions on regional climate model simulations of European climate during the Last Glacial Maximum Ludwig, Patrick; Pinto, Joaquim G.; Raible, Christoph American Geophysical Union https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.108097	text	January 2017
Coupled climate-carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO2 decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets Kemppinen, Kms; Holden, Pb; Edwards, Nr Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.41488	text	January 2019
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 - Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations Jungclaus, Johann H.; Bard, Edouard; Baroni, Mélanie ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000211928	text	January 2017
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model Klockmann, Marlene; Mikolajewicz, Uwe; Marotzke, Jochem Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-46	posted_content	April 2016
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations Phipps, Steven J.; Cao, Jian; Timmreck, Claudia Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.106909	text	January 2017

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