Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn

Ross, Hannah E.; Dixon, Keri L.; Ghara, Raghunath; Iliev, Ilian T.; Mellema, Garrelt

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1220

Title: Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn

Journal Article · Sat May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1220· OSTI ID:1564050

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Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom); Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom); New York Univ. Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)

The upcoming radio interferometer Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is expected to directly detect the redshifted 21-cm signal from the neutral hydrogen present during the Cosmic Dawn. Temperature fluctuations from X-ray heating of the neutral intergalactic medium can dominate the fluctuations in the 21-cm signal from this time. This heating depends on the abundance, clustering, and properties of the X-ray sources present, which remain highly uncertain. We present a suite of three new large-volume, 349\,Mpc a side, fully numerical radiative transfer simulations including QSO-like sources, extending the work previously presented in Ross et al. (2017). The results show that our QSOs have a modest contribution to the heating budget, yet significantly impact the 21-cm signal. Initially, the power spectrum is boosted on large scales by heating from the biased QSO-like sources, before decreasing on all scales. Fluctuations from images of the 21-cm signal with resolutions corresponding to SKA1-Low at the appropriate redshifts are well above the expected noise for deep integrations, indicating that imaging could be feasible for all the X-ray source models considered. The most notable contribution of the QSOs is a dramatic increase in non-Gaussianity of the signal, as measured by the skewness and kurtosis of the 21-cm probability distribution functions. Furthermore, in the case of late Lyman-$$\alpha$$ saturation, this non-Gaussianity could be dramatically decreased particularly when heating occurs earlier. We conclude that increased non-Gaussianity is a promising signature of rare X-ray sources at this time, provided that Lyman-$$\alpha$$ saturation occurs before heating dominates the 21-cm signal.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1564050

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 26 works

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Cosmic Dawn (CoDa): the first radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of reionization and galaxy formation in the Local Universe Ocvirk, Pierre; Gillet, Nicolas; Shapiro, Paul R. Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-129969	text	January 2016
Suppression of Star Formation in Low-Mass Galaxies Caused by the Reionization of their Local Neighborhood Dawoodbhoy, Taha; Shapiro, Paul R.; Ocvirk, Pierre University of Zurich https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-168543	text	January 2018
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Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations Ueda, Yoshihiro; Akiyama, Masayuki; Hasinger, Guenther arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1402.1836	text	January 2014
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A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization Watson, Darach; Christensen, Lise; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.00002	text	January 2015
The impact of spin temperature fluctuations on the 21-cm moments Watkinson, Catherine A.; Pritchard, Jonathan R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.07108	text	January 2015
21cm-line bispectrum as method to probe Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization Shimabukuro, Hayato; Yoshiura, Shintaro; Takahashi, Keitaro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.01335	text	January 2015
The Black Hole - Bulge Mass Relation in Megamaser Host Galaxies Läsker, Ronald; Greene, Jenny E.; Seth, Anil arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.06960	text	January 2016
Building up the Population III initial mass function from cosmological initial conditions Stacy, Athena; Bromm, Volker; Lee, Aaron T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.09475	text	January 2016
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Cosmic reionization after Planck II: contribution from quasars Mitra, Sourav; Choudhury, T. Roy; Ferrara, Andrea arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.02719	text	January 2016
Imaging the redshifted 21-cm pattern around the first sources during the cosmic dawn using the SKA Ghara, Raghunath; Choudhury, T. Roy; Datta, Kanan K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.02779	text	January 2016
Simulating the Impact of X-ray Heating during the Cosmic Dawn Ross, Hannah E.; Dixon, Keri L.; Iliev, Ilian T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.06282	text	January 2016
The Thermal Proximity Effect: A New Probe of He II Reionization History and the Quasar Lifetime Khrykin, Ilya S.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; McQuinn, Matthew arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.05583	text	January 2016
Evidence for a Hard Ionizing Spectrum from a z=6.11 Stellar Population Mainali, Ramesh; Kollmeier, Juna A.; Stark, Daniel P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.07125	text	January 2016
Analysing the 21cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization with artificial neural networks Shimabukuro, Hayato; Semelin, Benoit arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.07026	text	January 2017
High Mass X-ray Binaries and the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Impact of Host Galaxy Absorption Das, Arpan; Mesinger, Andrei; Pallottini, Andrea arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.00409	text	January 2017
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The Quasar Luminosity Function at Redshift 4 with Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey Akiyama, Masayuki; He, Wanqiu; Ikeda, Hiroyuki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1704.05996	text	January 2017
Emulating Simulations of Cosmic Dawn for 21cm Power Spectrum Constraints on Cosmology, Reionization, and X-ray Heating Kern, Nicholas S.; Liu, Adrian; Parsons, Aaron R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.04688	text	January 2017
Bubble size statistics during reionization from 21-cm tomography Giri, Sambit K.; Mellema, Garrelt; Dixon, Keri L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.00665	text	January 2017
Accurately predicting the escape fraction of ionizing photons using restframe ultraviolet absorption lines Chisholm, J.; Gazagnes, S.; Schaerer, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.03655	text	January 2018
Detection of the Far-infrared [O III] and Dust Emission in a Galaxy at Redshift 8.312: Early Metal Enrichment in the Heart of the Reionization Era Tamura, Yoichi; Mawatari, Ken; Hashimoto, Takuya arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.04132	text	January 2018
Seeding the Second Star: enrichment from population III, dust evolution, and cloud collapse Chiaki, Gen; Wise, John H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.09515	text	January 2018
Radiative feedback from an early X-ray background Glover, Simon C. O.; Brand, Peter W. J. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0205308	text	January 2002
On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation Haering, Nadine; Rix, Hans-Walter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0402376	text	January 2004
INTEGRAL insight into the inner parts of the Galaxy. High mass X-ray binaries Lutovinov, A.; Revnivtsev, M.; Gilfanov, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0411550	text	January 2004

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