Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2

Title: Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice

Abstract

The Mott insulator is a central concept in strongly correlated physics and manifests when the repulsive Coulomb interaction between electrons dominates over their kinetic energy. Doping additional carriers into a Mott insulator can give rise to other correlated phenomena such as unusual magnetism and even high-temperature superconductivity. A tunable Mott insulator, where the competition between the Coulomb interaction and the kinetic energy can be varied in situ, can provide an invaluable model system for the study of Mott physics. Here we report the possible realization of such a tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene heterostructure with a moiré superlattice. The combination of the cubic energy dispersion in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene and the narrow electronic minibands induced by the moiré potential leads to the observation of insulating states at the predicted band fillings for the Mott insulator. Moreover, the insulating states in the heterostructure can be tuned: the bandgap can be modulated by a vertical electrical field, and at the same time the electron doping can be modified by a gate to fill the band from one insulating state to another. Here, this opens up exciting opportunities to explore strongly correlated phenomena in two-dimensional moiré superlattice heterostructures.

Authors:

^[1]; Jiang, Lili ^[2]; Wu, Shuang ^[2]; Lyu, Bosai ^[3]; Li, Hongyuan ^[3]; Chittari, Bheema Lingam ^[4];

^[5]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[5];

^[3];

^[4]; Zhang, Yuanbo ^[6];

^[7]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Fudan Univ., Shanghai (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing (China); Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai (China)
Univ. of Seoul, Seoul (Korea)
National Inst. for Materials Science, Tsukuba (Japan)
Fudan Univ., Shanghai (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-01-21

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1564017

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Chen, Guorui, Jiang, Lili, Wu, Shuang, Lyu, Bosai, Li, Hongyuan, Chittari, Bheema Lingam, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Shi, Zhiwen, Jung, Jeil, Zhang, Yuanbo, and Wang, Feng. Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2.

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                    Chen, Guorui, Jiang, Lili, Wu, Shuang, Lyu, Bosai, Li, Hongyuan, Chittari, Bheema Lingam, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Shi, Zhiwen, Jung, Jeil, Zhang, Yuanbo, & Wang, Feng. Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice.  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2.

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                    Chen, Guorui, Jiang, Lili, Wu, Shuang, Lyu, Bosai, Li, Hongyuan, Chittari, Bheema Lingam, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Shi, Zhiwen, Jung, Jeil, Zhang, Yuanbo, and Wang, Feng. Mon .  
        "Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice".  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1564017.

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@article{osti_1564017,

  title        = {Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice},

  author       = {Chen, Guorui and Jiang, Lili and Wu, Shuang and Lyu, Bosai and Li, Hongyuan and Chittari, Bheema Lingam and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Shi, Zhiwen and Jung, Jeil and Zhang, Yuanbo and Wang, Feng},

  abstractNote = {The Mott insulator is a central concept in strongly correlated physics and manifests when the repulsive Coulomb interaction between electrons dominates over their kinetic energy. Doping additional carriers into a Mott insulator can give rise to other correlated phenomena such as unusual magnetism and even high-temperature superconductivity. A tunable Mott insulator, where the competition between the Coulomb interaction and the kinetic energy can be varied in situ, can provide an invaluable model system for the study of Mott physics. Here we report the possible realization of such a tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene heterostructure with a moiré superlattice. The combination of the cubic energy dispersion in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene and the narrow electronic minibands induced by the moiré potential leads to the observation of insulating states at the predicted band fillings for the Mott insulator. Moreover, the insulating states in the heterostructure can be tuned: the bandgap can be modulated by a vertical electrical field, and at the same time the electron doping can be modified by a gate to fill the band from one insulating state to another. Here, this opens up exciting opportunities to explore strongly correlated phenomena in two-dimensional moiré superlattice heterostructures.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  issn         = {1745-2473},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 15,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {1}

}

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DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2

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Title: Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice

Abstract

Citation Formats

Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene journal, November 2005

Epitaxial growth of single-domain graphene on hexagonal boron nitride journal, July 2013

Hofstadter’s butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moiré superlattices journal, May 2013

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 journal, April 2010

Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices journal, May 2013

Van der Waals heterostructures journal, July 2013

Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls journal, April 2015

Metal-insulator transitions journal, October 1998

Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene journal, September 2011

Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene journal, September 2011

The experimental observation of quantum Hall effect of l=3 chiral quasiparticles in trilayer graphene journal, September 2011

Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure journal, February 2016

Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene journal, June 2009

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One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material journal, October 2013

Ab initio theory of moiré superlattice bands in layered two-dimensional materials journal, May 2014

Massive Dirac Fermions and Hofstadter Butterfly in a van der Waals Heterostructure journal, May 2013

Anomalous Light Cones and Valley Optical Selection Rules of Interlayer Excitons in Twisted Heterobilayers journal, October 2015

Band structure of A B C -stacked graphene trilayers journal, July 2010

Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor journal, September 2010

Trigonal warping and Berry’s phase N π in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene journal, October 2009

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity journal, January 2006

Generic miniband structure of graphene on a hexagonal substrate journal, June 2013

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Competition between spontaneous symmetry breaking and single-particle gaps in trilayer graphene journal, December 2014

The Basis of the Electron Theory of Metals, with Special Reference to the Transition Metals journal, July 1949

Emergence of superlattice Dirac points in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride journal, March 2012

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene journal, November 2005

Correlated states in twisted double bilayer graphene journal, March 2020

Recent Advances in Ambipolar Transistors for Functional Applications journal, July 2019

Large-area epitaxial growth of curvature-stabilized ABC trilayer graphene journal, January 2020

Large-area, periodic, and tunable intrinsic pseudo-magnetic fields in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene journal, January 2020

Superconductivity from valley fluctuations and approximate SO(4) symmetry in a weak coupling theory of twisted bilayer graphene journal, April 2019

Identification of spin, valley and moiré quasi-angular momentum of interlayer excitons journal, August 2019

Strong correlations and orbital texture in single-layer 1T-TaSe2 journal, January 2020

Signatures of moiré-trapped valley excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers journal, February 2019

Signatures of tunable superconductivity in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice journal, July 2019

Superconductors, orbital magnets and correlated states in magic-angle bilayer graphene journal, October 2019

Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moiré superlattice journal, March 2020

Organismic materials for beyond von Neumann machines journal, March 2020

Tuning ferroelectricity by charge doping in two-dimensional SnSe journal, January 2020

Gate-tunable flat bands in van der Waals patterned dielectric superlattices journal, December 2019

Cold atoms in twisted-bilayer optical potentials journal, November 2019

Ferromagnetism and spin-valley liquid states in moiré correlated insulators journal, July 2019

Spin-valley density wave in moiré materials journal, July 2019

Designing flat bands by strain journal, July 2019

Chiral twist on the high- T c phase diagram in moiré heterostructures journal, August 2019

Landau level degeneracy in twisted bilayer graphene: Role of symmetry breaking journal, September 2019

Interacting valley Chern insulator and its topological imprint on moiré superconductors journal, October 2019

Double flat bands in kagome twisted bilayers journal, October 2019

Spin liquids and pseudogap metals in the SU(4) Hubbard model in a moiré superlattice journal, January 2020

Topological sliding moiré heterostructure journal, January 2020

Topological charge pumping in twisted bilayer graphene journal, January 2020

Classification of critical points in energy bands based on topology, scaling, and symmetry journal, March 2020

Coupled-wire description of the correlated physics in twisted bilayer graphene journal, April 2019

Topological chiral superconductivity with spontaneous vortices and supercurrent in twisted bilayer graphene journal, May 2019

Competing phases of interacting electrons on triangular lattices in moiré heterostructures journal, May 2019

Bridging Hubbard model physics and quantum Hall physics in trilayer graphene / h − BN moiré superlattice journal, May 2019

Band structure and topological properties of twisted double bilayer graphene journal, June 2019

Flat bands in twisted double bilayer graphene journal, June 2019

All Magic Angles in Twisted Bilayer Graphene are Topological journal, July 2019

Valence Bond Orders at Charge Neutrality in a Possible Two-Orbital Extended Hubbard Model for Twisted Bilayer Graphene journal, October 2019

Twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride: Anomalous Hall effect and a lattice model journal, November 2019

Quantum Valley Hall Effect, Orbital Magnetism, and Anomalous Hall Effect in Twisted Multilayer Graphene Systems journal, August 2019

Tuning superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene journal, January 2019

Intrinsic quantized anomalous Hall effect in a moiré heterostructure journal, December 2019

Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene
journal, November 2005

Epitaxial growth of single-domain graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
journal, July 2013

Hofstadter’s butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moiré superlattices
journal, May 2013

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂
journal, April 2010

Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices
journal, May 2013

Van der Waals heterostructures
journal, July 2013

Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls
journal, April 2015

Metal-insulator transitions
journal, October 1998

Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene
journal, September 2011

Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene
journal, September 2011

The experimental observation of quantum Hall effect of l=3 chiral quasiparticles in trilayer graphene
journal, September 2011

Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure
journal, February 2016

Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene
journal, June 2009

Gate-dependent pseudospin mixing in graphene/boron nitride moiré superlattices
journal, August 2014

One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
journal, October 2013

Ab initio theory of moiré superlattice bands in layered two-dimensional materials
journal, May 2014

Massive Dirac Fermions and Hofstadter Butterfly in a van der Waals Heterostructure
journal, May 2013

Anomalous Light Cones and Valley Optical Selection Rules of Interlayer Excitons in Twisted Heterobilayers
journal, October 2015

Band structure of $A B C$ -stacked graphene trilayers
journal, July 2010

Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
journal, September 2010

Trigonal warping and Berry’s phase $N π$ in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene
journal, October 2009

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity
journal, January 2006

Generic miniband structure of graphene on a hexagonal substrate
journal, June 2013

Origin of band gaps in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
journal, February 2015

Competition between spontaneous symmetry breaking and single-particle gaps in trilayer graphene
journal, December 2014

The Basis of the Electron Theory of Metals, with Special Reference to the Transition Metals
journal, July 1949

Emergence of superlattice Dirac points in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
journal, March 2012

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
journal, November 2005

Correlated states in twisted double bilayer graphene
journal, March 2020

Recent Advances in Ambipolar Transistors for Functional Applications
journal, July 2019

Large-area epitaxial growth of curvature-stabilized ABC trilayer graphene
journal, January 2020

Large-area, periodic, and tunable intrinsic pseudo-magnetic fields in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene
journal, January 2020

Superconductivity from valley fluctuations and approximate SO(4) symmetry in a weak coupling theory of twisted bilayer graphene
journal, April 2019

Identification of spin, valley and moiré quasi-angular momentum of interlayer excitons
journal, August 2019

Strong correlations and orbital texture in single-layer 1T-TaSe2
journal, January 2020

Signatures of moiré-trapped valley excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers
journal, February 2019

Signatures of tunable superconductivity in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice
journal, July 2019

Superconductors, orbital magnets and correlated states in magic-angle bilayer graphene
journal, October 2019

Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moiré superlattice
journal, March 2020

Organismic materials for beyond von Neumann machines
journal, March 2020

Tuning ferroelectricity by charge doping in two-dimensional SnSe
journal, January 2020

Gate-tunable flat bands in van der Waals patterned dielectric superlattices
journal, December 2019

Cold atoms in twisted-bilayer optical potentials
journal, November 2019

Ferromagnetism and spin-valley liquid states in moiré correlated insulators
journal, July 2019

Spin-valley density wave in moiré materials
journal, July 2019

Designing flat bands by strain
journal, July 2019

Chiral twist on the high- $T_{c}$ phase diagram in moiré heterostructures
journal, August 2019

Landau level degeneracy in twisted bilayer graphene: Role of symmetry breaking
journal, September 2019

Interacting valley Chern insulator and its topological imprint on moiré superconductors
journal, October 2019

Double flat bands in kagome twisted bilayers
journal, October 2019

Spin liquids and pseudogap metals in the SU(4) Hubbard model in a moiré superlattice
journal, January 2020

Topological sliding moiré heterostructure
journal, January 2020

Topological charge pumping in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, January 2020

Classification of critical points in energy bands based on topology, scaling, and symmetry
journal, March 2020

Coupled-wire description of the correlated physics in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, April 2019

Topological chiral superconductivity with spontaneous vortices and supercurrent in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, May 2019

Competing phases of interacting electrons on triangular lattices in moiré heterostructures
journal, May 2019

Bridging Hubbard model physics and quantum Hall physics in trilayer $graphene / h - BN$ moiré superlattice
journal, May 2019

Band structure and topological properties of twisted double bilayer graphene
journal, June 2019

Flat bands in twisted double bilayer graphene
journal, June 2019

All Magic Angles in Twisted Bilayer Graphene are Topological
journal, July 2019

Valence Bond Orders at Charge Neutrality in a Possible Two-Orbital Extended Hubbard Model for Twisted Bilayer Graphene
journal, October 2019

Twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride: Anomalous Hall effect and a lattice model
journal, November 2019

Quantum Valley Hall Effect, Orbital Magnetism, and Anomalous Hall Effect in Twisted Multilayer Graphene Systems
journal, August 2019

Tuning superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, January 2019

Intrinsic quantized anomalous Hall effect in a moiré heterostructure
journal, December 2019