Nonlinear Planar Hall Effect

He, Pan; Zhang, Steven S. -L.; Zhu, Dapeng; Shi, Shuyuan; Heinonen, Olle G.; Vignale, Giovanni; Yang, Hyunsoo

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.016801

Title: Nonlinear Planar Hall Effect

Journal Article · Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.016801· OSTI ID:1543281

He, Pan ^[1]; Zhang, Steven S. -L. ^[2]; Zhu, Dapeng ^[1]; Shi, Shuyuan ^[1]; Heinonen, Olle G. ^[3]; Vignale, Giovanni ^[4]; Yang, Hyunsoo ^[1]

National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and National Univ. of Singapore Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division; Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

An intriguing property of a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) is the existence of surface states with spin-momentum locking, which offers a new frontier of exploration in spintronics. In this work, we report the observation of a new type of Hall effect in a 3D TI $$\mathrm{Bi_2Se_3}$$ film. The Hall resistance scales linearly with both the applied electric and magnetic fields and exhibits a $$\pi/2$$ angle offset with respect to its longitudinal counterpart, in contrast to the usual angle offset of $$\pi/4$$ between the linear planar Hall effect and the anisotropic magnetoresistance. This novel nonlinear planar Hall effect originates from the conversion of a nonlinear transverse spin current to a charge current due to the concerted actions of spin-momentum locking and time-reversal symmetry breaking, which also exists in a wide class of noncentrosymmetric materials with a large span of magnitude. Finally, it provides a new way to characterize and utilize the nonlinear spin-to-charge conversion in a variety of topological quantum materials.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; R-263-000-D61-114; A18A6b0057

OSTI ID:: 1543281

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1546420

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 1; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 55 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (64)

Spin galvanic effect at the conducting SrTiO ₃ surfaces Zhang, Wenxu; Wang, Qiuru; Peng, Bin Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4973479	journal	December 2016
Giant spin splitting of the two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of SrTiO3 Santander-Syro, A. F.; Fortuna, F.; Bareille, C. Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4107	journal	October 2014
Unidirectional spin-Hall and Rashba−Edelstein magnetoresistance in topological insulator-ferromagnet layer heterostructures Lv, Yang; Kally, James; Zhang, Delin Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02491-3	journal	January 2018
Switching by topological insulators Pai, Chi-Feng Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0146-x	journal	July 2018
Theory of $t_{2 g}$ electron-gas Rashba interactions Khalsa, Guru; Lee, Byounghak; MacDonald, A. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.041302	journal	July 2013
On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents Hall, E. H. American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/2369245	journal	September 1879
Superconducting pairing of topological surface states in bismuth selenide films on niobium Flötotto, David; Ota, Yuichi; Bai, Yang Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar7214	journal	April 2018
Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2 Ali, Mazhar N.; Xiong, Jun; Flynn, Steven Nature, Vol. 514, Issue 7521 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13763	journal	September 2014
The van der Waals epitaxy of Bi ₂ Se ₃ on the vicinal Si(111) surface: an approach for preparing high-quality thin films of a topological insulator Li, H. D.; Wang, Z. Y.; Kan, X. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/10/103038	journal	October 2010
Anisotropic magneto-transport properties of electron gases at SrTiO ₃ (111) and (110) surfaces Miao, Ludi; Du, Renzhong; Yin, Yuewei Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4972985	journal	December 2016
Theory of bilinear magneto-electric resistance from topological-insulator surface states Zhang, Shulei; Vignale, Giovanni Spintronics XI https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323126	conference	September 2018
Critical Behavior of a Strongly Interacting 2D Electron System Mokashi, A.; Li, S.; Wen, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.096405	journal	August 2012
Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers Avci, Can Onur; Garello, Kevin; Ghosh, Abhijit Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3356	journal	June 2015
Giant Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in the Presence of Surface and Bulk Spin−Orbit Coupling of Topological Insulator Bi ₂ Se ₃ Jamali, Mahdi; Lee, Joon Sue; Jeong, Jong Seok Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03274	journal	September 2015
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi₂Te₃ Chen, Y. L.; Analytis, J. G.; Chu, J.-H. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5937, p. 178-181 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173034	journal	June 2009
Electrons and Phonons Ziman, J. M. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507796.001.0001	book	January 2001
Large Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in a Magnetic Topological Insulator Yasuda, K.; Tsukazaki, A.; Yoshimi, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.127202	journal	September 2016
Surface-Dominated Conduction in a 6 nm thick Bi ₂ Se ₃ Thin Film He, Liang; Xiu, Faxian; Yu, Xinxin Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204234j	journal	February 2012
Nonlinear spin current generation in noncentrosymmetric spin-orbit coupled systems Hamamoto, Keita; Ezawa, Motohiko; Kim, Kun Woo Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.224430	journal	June 2017
Continuous Tuning of the Magnitude and Direction of Spin-Orbit Torque Using Bilayer Heavy Metals He, Pan; Qiu, Xuepeng; Zhang, Vanessa L. Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201600210	journal	August 2016
Electrical detection of magnetization reversal without auxiliary magnets Olejník, K.; Novák, V.; Wunderlich, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.180402	journal	May 2015
Experimental Evidence of Cubic Rashba Effect in an Inversion-Symmetric Oxide Nakamura, H.; Koga, T.; Kimura, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.206601	journal	May 2012
Spin Polarization and Transport of Surface States in the Topological Insulators ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ and ${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$ from First Principles Yazyev, Oleg V.; Moore, Joel E.; Louie, Steven G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.266806	journal	December 2010
Origin of the Planar Hall Effect in Nanocrystalline ${Co}_{60} {Fe}_{20} B_{20}$ Seemann, K. M.; Freimuth, F.; Zhang, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.086603	journal	August 2011
Observation of inverse spin Hall effect in bismuth selenide Deorani, Praveen; Son, Jaesung; Banerjee, Karan Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.094403	journal	September 2014
Room-temperature high spin–orbit torque due to quantum confinement in sputtered BixSe(1–x) films Dc, Mahendra; Grassi, Roberto; Chen, Jun-Yang Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0136-z	journal	July 2018
Thickness-Independent Transport Channels in Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Thin Films Bansal, Namrata; Kim, Yong Seung; Brahlek, Matthew Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.116804	journal	September 2012
Spin-transfer torque generated by a topological insulator Mellnik, A. R.; Lee, J. S.; Richardella, A. Nature, Vol. 511, Issue 7510 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13534	journal	July 2014
Hexagonal Warping Effects in the Surface States of the Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$ Fu, Liang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.266801	journal	December 2009
Quantum Nonlinear Hall Effect Induced by Berry Curvature Dipole in Time-Reversal Invariant Materials Sodemann, Inti; Fu, Liang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.216806	journal	November 2015
Superconductivity in ${Cu}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ and its Implications for Pairing in the Undoped Topological Insulator Hor, Y. S.; Williams, A. J.; Checkelsky, J. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.057001	journal	February 2010
Room Temperature Electrical Detection of Spin Polarized Currents in Topological Insulators Dankert, André; Geurs, Johannes; Kamalakar, M. Venkata Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03080	journal	November 2015
Enhanced spin Seebeck effect signal due to spin-momentum locked topological surface states Jiang, Zilong; Chang, Cui-Zu; Masir, Massoud Ramezani Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11458	journal	May 2016
Signature of Strong Spin-Orbital Coupling in the Large Nonsaturating Magnetoresistance Material ${WTe}_{2}$ Jiang, J.; Tang, F.; Pan, X. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.166601	journal	October 2015
A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime Hsieh, D.; Xia, Y.; Qian, D. Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7259 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08234	journal	July 2009
Observation of topological surface state quantum Hall effect in an intrinsic three-dimensional topological insulator Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Liu, Chang Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3140	journal	November 2014
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO₃ Santander-Syro, A. F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T. Nature, Vol. 469, Issue 7329, p. 189-193 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09720	journal	January 2011
Layer-dependent quantum cooperation of electron and hole states in the anomalous semimetal WTe2 Das, Pranab Kumar; Di Sante, D.; Vobornik, I. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10847	journal	February 2016
Theoretical study of the cubic Rashba effect at the ${SrTiO}_{3}$ (001) surfaces Shanavas, K. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.045108	journal	January 2016
Observation of a Warped Helical Spin Texture in ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ from Circular Dichroism Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Wang, Y. H.; Hsieh, D.; Pilon, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.207602	journal	November 2011
Spin texture in type-II Weyl semimetal ${WTe}_{2}$ Feng, Baojie; Chan, Yang-Hao; Feng, Ya Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.195134	journal	November 2016
Blue-light emission at room temperature from Ar+-irradiated SrTiO3 Kan, Daisuke; Terashima, Takahito; Kanda, Ryoko Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1498	journal	October 2005
Creation and control of a two-dimensional electron liquid at the bare SrTiO3 surface Meevasana, W.; King, P. D. C.; He, R. H. Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2943	journal	January 2011
The birth of topological insulators Moore, Joel E. Nature, Vol. 464, Issue 7286 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08916	journal	March 2010
Spin and Charge Transport on the Surface of a Topological Insulator Burkov, A. A.; Hawthorn, D. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.066802	journal	August 2010
Hexagonally Deformed Fermi Surface of the 3D Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Kuroda, K.; Arita, M.; Miyamoto, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.076802	journal	August 2010
Observation of Unconventional Quantum Spin Textures in Topological Insulators Hsieh, D.; Xia, Y.; Wray, L. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5916, p. 919-922 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167733	journal	February 2009
Spin-Electricity Conversion Induced by Spin Injection into Topological Insulators Shiomi, Y.; Nomura, K.; Kajiwara, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.196601	journal	November 2014
Model Hamiltonian for topological insulators Liu, Chao-Xing; Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, HaiJun Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.045122	journal	July 2010
Colloquium: Topological insulators Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.3045	journal	November 2010
Spin to Charge Conversion at Room Temperature by Spin Pumping into a New Type of Topological Insulator: $α$ -Sn Films Rojas-Sánchez, J. -C.; Oyarzún, S.; Fu, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.096602	journal	March 2016
Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface Xia, Y.; Qian, D.; Hsieh, D. Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 6, p. 398-402 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1274	journal	May 2009
Room temperature magnetization switching in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures by spin-orbit torques Wang, Yi; Zhu, Dapeng; Wu, Yang Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01583-4	journal	November 2017
Bilinear magnetoelectric resistance as a probe of three-dimensional spin texture in topological surface states He, Pan; Zhang, Steven S. -L.; Zhu, Dapeng Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0039-y	journal	February 2018
Topological insulators in Bi₂Se₃, Bi₂Te₃ and Sb₂Te₃ with a single Dirac cone on the surface Zhang, Haijun; Liu, Chao-Xing; Qi, Xiao-Liang Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 6, p. 438-442 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1270	journal	May 2009
Topological Surface States Originated Spin-Orbit Torques in ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Wang, Yi; Deorani, Praveen; Banerjee, Karan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.257202	journal	June 2015
Gate-Voltage Control of Chemical Potential and Weak Antilocalization in ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ Chen, J.; Qin, H. J.; Yang, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.176602	journal	October 2010
Observation of Out-of-Plane Spin Texture in a ${SrTiO}_{3} (111)$ Two-Dimensional Electron Gas He, Pan; Walker, S. McKeown; Zhang, Steven S. -L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.266802	journal	June 2018
Planar Hall effect from the surface of topological insulators Taskin, A. A.; Legg, Henry F.; Yang, Fan Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01474-8	journal	November 2017
A conductive topological insulator with large spin Hall effect for ultralow power spin–orbit torque switching Khang, Nguyen Huynh Duy; Ueda, Yugo; Hai, Pham Nam Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0137-y	journal	July 2018
Current-Nonlinear Hall Effect and Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetization Switching in a Magnetic Topological Insulator Yasuda, K.; Tsukazaki, A.; Yoshimi, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.137204	journal	September 2017
Relationship between Fermi surface warping and out-of-plane spin polarization in topological insulators: A view from spin- and angle-resolved photoemission Nomura, M.; Souma, S.; Takayama, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.045134	journal	January 2014
Surface-State-Dominated Spin-Charge Current Conversion in Topological-Insulator–Ferromagnetic-Insulator Heterostructures Wang, Hailong; Kally, James; Lee, Joon Sue Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.076601	journal	August 2016
New perspectives for Rashba spin–orbit coupling Manchon, A.; Koo, H. C.; Nitta, J. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4360	journal	August 2015

Cited By (1)

Planar Hall effect in PtSe ₂ Li, Zhaoguo; Xiao, Tingting; Zou, Ruijiao Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5133809	journal	February 2020