Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal

Wu, Sanfeng; Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Cava, Robert J.; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo

doi:10.1126/science.aan6003

Title: Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal

Journal Article · Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6003· OSTI ID:1541687

;

; Gibson, Quinn D.;

; Taniguchi, Takashi; Cava, Robert J.;

A variety of monolayer crystals have been proposed to be two-dimensional topological insulators exhibiting the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE), possibly even at high temperatures. Here we report the observation of the QSHE in monolayer tungsten ditelluride (WTe₂) at temperatures up to 100 kelvin. In the short-edge limit, the monolayer exhibits the hallmark transport conductance, ~e²/hper edge, whereeis the electron charge andhis Planck’s constant. Moreover, a magnetic field suppresses the conductance, and the observed Zeeman-type gap indicates the existence of a Kramers degenerate point and the importance of time-reversal symmetry for protection from elastic backscattering. Our results establish the QSHE at temperatures much higher than in semiconductor heterostructures and allow for exploring topological phases in atomically thin crystals.

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Excitonics (CE); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0001088

OSTI ID:: 1541687

Journal Information:: Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6371; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (33)

Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.226801	journal	November 2005
Quantum Spin Hall Effect Bernevig, B. Andrei; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.106802	journal	March 2006
Colloquium: Topological insulators Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.3045	journal	November 2010
Topological insulators and superconductors Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1057	journal	October 2011
Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells Konig, M.; Wiedmann, S.; Brune, C. Science, Vol. 318, Issue 5851, p. 766-770 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1148047	journal	November 2007
Evidence for Helical Edge Modes in Inverted $InAs / GaSb$ Quantum Wells Knez, Ivan; Du, Rui-Rui; Sullivan, Gerard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.136603	journal	September 2011
Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling Murakami, Shuichi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236805	journal	December 2006
Large-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulators in Tin Films Xu, Yong; Yan, Binghai; Zhang, Hai-Jun Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.136804	journal	September 2013
Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Qian, X.; Liu, J.; Fu, L. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6215 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256815	journal	November 2014
Large-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulator in Single Layer Bismuth Monobromide Bi ₄ Br ₄ Zhou, Jin-Jian; Feng, Wanxiang; Liu, Cheng-Cheng Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl501907g	journal	July 2014
Robust Room-Temperature Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Methyl-functionalized InBi honeycomb film Li, Sheng-shi; Ji, Wei-xiao; Zhang, Chang-wen Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23242	journal	March 2016
Edge conduction in monolayer WTe2 Fei, Zaiyao; Palomaki, Tauno; Wu, Sanfeng Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4091	journal	April 2017
Quantum spin Hall state in monolayer 1T'-WTe2 Tang, Shujie; Zhang, Chaofan; Wong, Dillon Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4174	journal	June 2017
Direct visualization of a two-dimensional topological insulator in the single-layer $1 T^{'} - WT e_{2}$ Jia, Zhen-Yu; Song, Ye-Heng; Li, Xiang-Bing Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.041108	journal	July 2017
Quality Heterostructures from Two-Dimensional Crystals Unstable in Air by Their Assembly in Inert Atmosphere Cao, Y.; Mishchenko, A.; Yu, G. L. Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00648	journal	July 2015
Tuning magnetotransport in a compensated semimetal at the atomic scale Wang, Lin; Gutiérrez-Lezama, Ignacio; Barreteau, Céline Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9892	journal	November 2015
Environmental Instability and Degradation of Single- and Few-Layer WTe ₂ Nanosheets in Ambient Conditions Ye, Fan; Lee, Jaesung; Hu, Jin Small, Vol. 12, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201601207	journal	September 2016
Topologically Protected Quantum Transport in Locally Exfoliated Bismuth at Room Temperature Sabater, C.; Gosálbez-Martínez, D.; Fernández-Rossier, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.176802	journal	April 2013
One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers Drozdov, Ilya K.; Alexandradinata, A.; Jeon, Sangjun Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3048	journal	August 2014
On the Quantum Spin Hall Gap of Monolayer 1T′-WTe ₂ Zheng, Feipeng; Cai, Chaoyi; Ge, Shaofeng Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600100	journal	April 2016
Magnetoresistance and quantum oscillations of an electrostatically tuned semimetal-to-metal transition in ultrathin ${WTe}_{2}$ Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D.; Watanabe, Kenji Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.041410	journal	January 2017
Edge transport in the trivial phase of InAs/GaSb Nichele, Fabrizio; Suominen, Henri J.; Kjaergaard, Morten New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/8/083005	journal	July 2016
Unexpected edge conduction in mercury telluride quantum wells under broken time-reversal symmetry Ma, Eric Yue; Calvo, M. Reyes; Wang, Jing Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8252	journal	May 2015
Magnetotransport in disordered two-dimensional topological insulators: signatures of charge puddles Essert, Sven; Richter, Klaus 2D Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/2/2/024005	journal	May 2015
Robust Helical Edge Transport in Gated $InAs / GaSb$ Bilayers Du, Lingjie; Knez, Ivan; Sullivan, Gerard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.096802	journal	March 2015
Kondo Effect in the Helical Edge Liquid of the Quantum Spin Hall State Maciejko, Joseph; Liu, Chaoxing; Oreg, Yuval Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.256803	journal	June 2009
Observation of a Helical Luttinger Liquid in $InAs / GaSb$ Quantum Spin Hall Edges Li, Tingxin; Wang, Pengjie; Fu, Hailong Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.136804	journal	September 2015
The Quantum Spin Hall Effect: Theory and Experiment König, Markus; Buhmann, Hartmut; W. Molenkamp, Laurens Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.77.031007	journal	March 2008
Magnetoconductance of the quantum spin Hall state Maciejko, Joseph; Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155310	journal	October 2010
Nonlocal Transport in the Quantum Spin Hall State Roth, A.; Brune, C.; Buhmann, H. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5938 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1174736	journal	July 2009
Resistance of helical edges formed in a semiconductor heterostructure Väyrynen, Jukka I.; Goldstein, Moshe; Gefen, Yuval Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.115309	journal	September 2014
Correlation of crystal quality and extreme magnetoresistance of WTe ₂ Ali, Mazhar N.; Schoop, Leslie; Xiong, Jun EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 110, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/110/67002	journal	June 2015
Determination of the thickness and orientation of few-layer tungsten ditelluride using polarized Raman spectroscopy Kim, Minjung; Han, Songhee; Kim, Jung Hwa 2D Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/034004	journal	August 2016

Similar Records

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal

Journal Article · Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Science · OSTI ID:1541687

Wu, Sanfeng; Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D.; +4 more

Proximity-induced superconducting gap in the quantum spin Hall edge state of monolayer WTe2

Journal Article · Mon Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1541687

Lüpke, Felix; Waters, Dacen; de la Barrera, Sergio C.; +5 more

Determination of the Spin Axis in Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Candidate Monolayer

{WTe}_{2}

Journal Article · Wed Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review. X · OSTI ID:1541687

Zhao, Wenjin; Runburg, Elliott; Fei, Zaiyao; +9 more

Related Subjects

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Title: Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal

Citation Formats

References (33)

Similar Records

Related Subjects