Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells

doi:10.1149/2.0021712jes

Title: Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO ₄ Cells

Abstract

Not provided.

Authors:: Brown, Zachary L.; Jurng, Sunhyung; Lucht, Brett L.

Publication Date:: 2017-01-01

Research Org.:: Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1536948

DOE Contract Number:: SC0007074

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 164; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: Electrochemistry; Materials Science

Citation Formats


                    Brown, Zachary L., Jurng, Sunhyung, and Lucht, Brett L. Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1149/2.0021712jes.

Copy to clipboard


                    Brown, Zachary L., Jurng, Sunhyung, & Lucht, Brett L. Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells.  United States.  doi:10.1149/2.0021712jes.

Copy to clipboard


                    Brown, Zachary L., Jurng, Sunhyung, and Lucht, Brett L. Sun .  
        "Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells".  United States.  doi:10.1149/2.0021712jes.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1536948,

  title        = {Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells},

  author       = {Brown, Zachary L. and Jurng, Sunhyung and Lucht, Brett L.},

  abstractNote = {Not provided.},

  doi          = {10.1149/2.0021712jes},

  journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},

  issn         = {0013-4651},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 164,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {1}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

DOI: 10.1149/2.0021712jes

Other availability

Find in Google Scholar

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Electrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistry
journal, June 1976

Whittingham, M. S.
Science, Vol. 192, Issue 4244
DOI: 10.1126/science.192.4244.1126

Efficiencies of Cycling Lithium on a Lithium Substrate in Propylene Carbonate
journal, January 1978

Rauh, R. D.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1149/1.2131410

Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries
journal, October 2004

Xu, Kang
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 104, Issue 10, p. 4303-4418
DOI: 10.1021/cr030203g

Oxidation potentials of electrolyte solutions for lithium cells
journal, January 1988

Ossola, F.; Pistoia, G.; Seeber, R.
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 33, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(88)80030-6

An Improved Li∕Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] Rechargeable Cell
journal, January 1989

Plichta, E.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1149/1.2097063

Preparation of Binder-Free, Thin Film LiCoO[sub 2] and Its Electrochemical Responses in a Propylene Carbonate Solution
journal, January 1995

Uchida, Isamu
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1149/1.2048725

History, Evolution, and Future Status of Energy Storage
journal, May 2012

Whittingham, M. S.
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 100, Issue Special Centennial Issue
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2190170

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries
journal, January 2014

Xu, Wu; Wang, Jiulin; Ding, Fei
Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40795K

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions
journal, March 1990

Aurbach, Doron; Youngman, Orit; Gofer, Yosef
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 35, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(90)87055-7

Effects of Carbonate Solvents and Lithium Salts on Morphology and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Electrode
journal, January 2013

Ding, Fei; Xu, Wu; Chen, Xilin
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 160, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1149/2.100310jes

Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism
journal, February 2014

Ding, Fei; Xu, Wu; Chen, Xilin
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1021/jp4127754

Electrochemical in situ investigations of SEI and dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode
journal, January 2015

Bieker, Georg; Winter, Martin; Bieker, Peter
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1039/C4CP05865H

High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode
journal, February 2015

Qian, Jiangfeng; Henderson, Wesley A.; Xu, Wu
Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7362

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model
journal, January 1979

Peled, E.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1149/1.2128859

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, August 2016

Qian, Jiangfeng; Adams, Brian D.; Zheng, Jianming
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201602353

“Lithium-Free” Thin-Film Battery with In Situ Plated Li Anode
journal, January 2000

Neudecker, B. J.; Dudney, N. J.; Bates, J. B.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1149/1.1393226

On the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries
journal, February 2002

Aurbach, D.; Gamolsky, K.; Markovsky, B.
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 47, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00858-1

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2015

Nie, Mengyun; Demeaux, Julien; Young, Benjamin T.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1149/2.0021513jes

Role of 1,3-Propane Sultone and Vinylene Carbonate in Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation and Gas Generation
journal, May 2015

Zhang, Bo; Metzger, Michael; Solchenbach, Sophie
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00072

Analysis of Vinylene Carbonate Derived SEI Layers on Graphite Anode
journal, January 2004

Ota, Hitoshi; Sakata, Yuuichi; Inoue, Atsuyoshi
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 151, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1149/1.1785795

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Additive in Li-Ion Batteries: Comparison of LiCoO[sub 2]∕C, LiFePO[sub 4]∕C, and LiCoO[sub 2]∕Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Systems
journal, January 2009

El Ouatani, L.; Dedryvère, R.; Siret, C.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1149/1.3111891

Studies of the Effect of Varying Vinylene Carbonate (VC) Content in Lithium Ion Cells on Cycling Performance and Cell Impedance
journal, January 2013

Burns, J. C.; Petibon, R.; Nelson, K. J.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 160, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1149/2.031310jes

Study of Electrolyte Components in Li Ion Cells Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
journal, January 2014

Petibon, R.; Rotermund, L.; Nelson, K. J.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1149/2.117406jes

Effect of vinylene carbonate as additive to electrolyte for lithium metal anode
journal, February 2004

Ota, Hitoshi; Shima, Kunihisa; Ue, Makoto
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 49, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.010

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Film on Li Anode in Vinylene Carbonate-Containing Electrolyte
journal, January 2004

Ota, Hitoshi; Sakata, Yuuichi; Otake, Yumiko
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 151, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1149/1.1798411

Effects of Some Organic Additives on Lithium Deposition in Propylene Carbonate
journal, January 2002

Mogi, Ryo; Inaba, Minoru; Jeong, Soon-Ki
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 149, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1149/1.1516770

Vinylene carbonate–LiNO3: A hybrid additive in carbonic ester electrolytes for SEI modification on Li metal anode
journal, February 2015

Guo, Jing; Wen, Zhaoyin; Wu, Meifen
Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 51
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.12.008

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigations of Carbon-Coated Li _x FePO ₄ Materials
journal, November 2008

Dedryvère, R.; Maccario, M.; Croguennec, L.
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1021/cm801995p

Impedance spectroscopy of lithium electrodes
journal, February 1994

Aurbach, ]Doron; Zaban, Arie
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 365, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)02999-X

Characterizing Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Sn Anode in Lithium Ion Battery
journal, January 2015

Seo, Daniel M.; Nguyen, Cao Cuong; Young, Benjamin T.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1149/2.0121513jes

Syntheses and Characterization of Lithium Alkyl Mono- and Dicarbonates as Components of Surface Films in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2006

Xu, Kang; Zhuang, Guorong V.; Allen, Jan L.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1021/jp0601522

Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate Reduction: Understanding Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Additives and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation
journal, November 2016

Michan, Alison L.; Parimalam, Bharathy. S.; Leskes, Michal
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02282

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Chemical stability of Lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazolide, an electrolyte salt for Li-ion cells

Journal Article Shkrob, Ilya A. ; Pupek, Krzysztof Z. ; Gilbert, James A. ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆) is ubiquitous in commercial lithium-ion batteries, but it is hydrolytically unstable and corrosive on electrode surfaces. Using a more stable salt would confer multiple benefits for high-voltage operation, but many such electrolyte systems facilitate anodic dissolution and pitting corrosion of aluminum current collectors that negate their advantages. Lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazolide (LiTDI) is a new salt that was designed specifically for high-voltage cells. In this study we demonstrate that in carbonate electrolytes, LiTDI prevents anodic dissolution of Al current collectors, which places it into a select group of corrosion inhibitors. However, we also demonstrate that LiTDI becomes reducedmore »« less
Cited by 1
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09837

Full Text Available
High-performance all-solid-state batteries enabled by salt bonding to perovskite in poly(ethylene oxide)

Journal Article Xu, Henghui ; Chien, Po-Hsiu ; Shi, Jianjian ; ... - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Flexible and low-cost poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes are promising for all-solid-state Li-metal batteries because of their compatibility with a metallic lithium anode. However, the low room-temperature Li-ion conductivity of PEO solid electrolytes and severe lithium-dendrite growth limit their application in high-energy Li-metal batteries. Here we prepared a PEO/perovskite Li _3/8 Sr _7/16 Ta _3/4 Zr _1/4 O ₃ composite electrolyte with a Li-ion conductivity of 5.4 × 10 ⁻⁵ and 3.5 × 10 ⁻⁴ S cm ⁻¹ at 25 and 45 °C, respectively; the strong interaction between the F ⁻ of TFSI ⁻ (bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and the surface Ta ⁵⁺ ofmore »« less
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907507116
Development of Electrolytes for Si-Graphite Composite Electrodes

Journal Article Nguyen, Cao Cuong ; Lucht, Brett L. - Journal of the Electrochemical Society

The performance of Si-graphite/Li cells and Si-graphite/NMC111 cells has been investigated in 1.2 M LiPF ₆ /EC:DEC (1/1, w/w) with different electrolyte additives including LiNO ₃, FEC, and MEC. The addition of additives into electrolytes result in a significant improvement in capacity retention compared to the standard electrolyte for Si-graphite/Li cells. The cells cycled with electrolyte containing 0.5 wt% LiNO ₃, 5–10 wt% MEC or 10 wt% FEC have high capacity retention, at least 88%, while the cells cycled with standard electrolyte have lower capacity retention, 64%, after 100 cycles. Investigation of Si-graphite/NCM111 cells reveals that the cells cycled inmore »« less
Cited by 3
DOI: 10.1149/2.0621810jes
Development of Electrolytes for Si-Graphite Composite Electrodes

Journal Article Nguyen, Cao Cuong ; Lucht, Brett L. - Journal of the Electrochemical Society

The performance of Si-graphite/Li cells and Si-graphite/NMC111 cells has been investigated in 1.2 M LiPF ₆ /EC:DEC (1/1, w/w) with different electrolyte additives including LiNO ₃, FEC, and MEC. The addition of additives into electrolytes result in a significant improvement in capacity retention compared to the standard electrolyte for Si-graphite/Li cells. The cells cycled with electrolyte containing 0.5 wt% LiNO ₃, 5–10 wt% MEC or 10 wt% FEC have high capacity retention, at least 88%, while the cells cycled with standard electrolyte have lower capacity retention, 64%, after 100 cycles. Investigation of Si-graphite/NCM111 cells reveals that the cells cycled inmore »« less
Cited by 3
DOI: 10.1149/2.0621810jes

Full Text Available
Mastering the interface for advanced all-solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries

Journal Article Li, Yutao ; Zhou, Weidong ; Chen, Xi ; ... - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

A solid electrolyte with a high Li-ion conductivity and a small interfacial resistance against a Li metal anode is a key component in all-solid-state Li metal batteries, but there is no ceramic oxide electrolyte available for this application except the thin-film Li-P oxynitride electrolyte; ceramic electrolytes are either easily reduced by Li metal or penetrated by Li dendrites in a short time. In this paper, we introduce a solid electrolyte LiZr ₂(PO4) ₃ with rhombohedral structure at room temperature that has a bulk Li-ion conductivity σ _Li = 2 × 10 ^-4 S∙cm ^-1 at 25 °C, a high electrochemicalmore »« less
Cited by 21
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615912113

Similar Records

Title: Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO 4 Cells

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistry journal, June 1976

Efficiencies of Cycling Lithium on a Lithium Substrate in Propylene Carbonate journal, January 1978

Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries journal, October 2004

Oxidation potentials of electrolyte solutions for lithium cells journal, January 1988

An Improved Li∕Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] Rechargeable Cell journal, January 1989

Preparation of Binder-Free, Thin Film LiCoO[sub 2] and Its Electrochemical Responses in a Propylene Carbonate Solution journal, January 1995

History, Evolution, and Future Status of Energy Storage journal, May 2012

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries journal, January 2014

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions journal, March 1990

Effects of Carbonate Solvents and Lithium Salts on Morphology and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Electrode journal, January 2013

Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism journal, February 2014

Electrochemical in situ investigations of SEI and dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode journal, January 2015

High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode journal, February 2015

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model journal, January 1979

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries journal, August 2016

“Lithium-Free” Thin-Film Battery with In Situ Plated Li Anode journal, January 2000

On the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries journal, February 2002

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries journal, January 2015

Role of 1,3-Propane Sultone and Vinylene Carbonate in Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation and Gas Generation journal, May 2015

Analysis of Vinylene Carbonate Derived SEI Layers on Graphite Anode journal, January 2004

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Additive in Li-Ion Batteries: Comparison of LiCoO[sub 2]∕C, LiFePO[sub 4]∕C, and LiCoO[sub 2]∕Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Systems journal, January 2009

Studies of the Effect of Varying Vinylene Carbonate (VC) Content in Lithium Ion Cells on Cycling Performance and Cell Impedance journal, January 2013

Study of Electrolyte Components in Li Ion Cells Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry journal, January 2014

Effect of vinylene carbonate as additive to electrolyte for lithium metal anode journal, February 2004

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Film on Li Anode in Vinylene Carbonate-Containing Electrolyte journal, January 2004

Effects of Some Organic Additives on Lithium Deposition in Propylene Carbonate journal, January 2002

Vinylene carbonate–LiNO3: A hybrid additive in carbonic ester electrolytes for SEI modification on Li metal anode journal, February 2015

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigations of Carbon-Coated Li x FePO 4 Materials journal, November 2008

Impedance spectroscopy of lithium electrodes journal, February 1994

Characterizing Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Sn Anode in Lithium Ion Battery journal, January 2015

Syntheses and Characterization of Lithium Alkyl Mono- and Dicarbonates as Components of Surface Films in Li-Ion Batteries journal, March 2006

Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate Reduction: Understanding Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Additives and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation journal, November 2016

Title: Investigation of the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Vinylene Carbonate Electrolytes Using Cu||LiFePO ₄ Cells

Electrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistry
journal, June 1976

Efficiencies of Cycling Lithium on a Lithium Substrate in Propylene Carbonate
journal, January 1978

Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries
journal, October 2004

Oxidation potentials of electrolyte solutions for lithium cells
journal, January 1988

An Improved Li∕Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] Rechargeable Cell
journal, January 1989

Preparation of Binder-Free, Thin Film LiCoO[sub 2] and Its Electrochemical Responses in a Propylene Carbonate Solution
journal, January 1995

History, Evolution, and Future Status of Energy Storage
journal, May 2012

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries
journal, January 2014

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions
journal, March 1990

Effects of Carbonate Solvents and Lithium Salts on Morphology and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Electrode
journal, January 2013

Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism
journal, February 2014

Electrochemical in situ investigations of SEI and dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode
journal, January 2015

High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode
journal, February 2015

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model
journal, January 1979

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, August 2016

“Lithium-Free” Thin-Film Battery with In Situ Plated Li Anode
journal, January 2000

On the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries
journal, February 2002

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2015

Role of 1,3-Propane Sultone and Vinylene Carbonate in Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation and Gas Generation
journal, May 2015

Analysis of Vinylene Carbonate Derived SEI Layers on Graphite Anode
journal, January 2004

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Additive in Li-Ion Batteries: Comparison of LiCoO[sub 2]∕C, LiFePO[sub 4]∕C, and LiCoO[sub 2]∕Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Systems
journal, January 2009

Studies of the Effect of Varying Vinylene Carbonate (VC) Content in Lithium Ion Cells on Cycling Performance and Cell Impedance
journal, January 2013

Study of Electrolyte Components in Li Ion Cells Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
journal, January 2014

Effect of vinylene carbonate as additive to electrolyte for lithium metal anode
journal, February 2004

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Film on Li Anode in Vinylene Carbonate-Containing Electrolyte
journal, January 2004

Effects of Some Organic Additives on Lithium Deposition in Propylene Carbonate
journal, January 2002

Vinylene carbonate–LiNO3: A hybrid additive in carbonic ester electrolytes for SEI modification on Li metal anode
journal, February 2015

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigations of Carbon-Coated Li _x FePO ₄ Materials
journal, November 2008

Impedance spectroscopy of lithium electrodes
journal, February 1994

Characterizing Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Sn Anode in Lithium Ion Battery
journal, January 2015

Syntheses and Characterization of Lithium Alkyl Mono- and Dicarbonates as Components of Surface Films in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2006

Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate Reduction: Understanding Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Additives and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation
journal, November 2016