skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: The unexpected, long-lasting, UV rebrightening of the superluminous supernova ASASSN-15lh

Journal Article · · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [1];  [1];  [9];  [1]
  1. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
  2. Peking University, Beijing (China)
  3. Peking University, Beijing (China). Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
  4. Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago (Chile); Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago (Chile)
  5. Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  6. Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (United States)
  7. University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  8. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  9. Morehead State University, Morehead, KY (United States

Given its peak luminosity and early-time spectra, ASASSN-15lh was classified as the most luminous supernova ever discovered. Here, we report a UV rebrightening of ASASSN-15lh observed with Swift during our follow-up campaign. The rebrightening began at t ≃ 90 d (observer frame) after the primary peak and was followed by a p120-d long plateau in the bolometric luminosity, before starting to fade again at t ≃ 210 d. ASASSN-15lh rebrightened in the Swift UV bands by ΔmUVW2 ≃ -1.75 mag, ΔmUVM2 ≃ -1.25 mag and ΔmUVW1 ≃ -0.8 mag, but did not rebrighten in the optical bands. Throughout its initial decline, subsequent rebrightening and renewed decline, the spectra did not show evidence of interactions between the ejecta and circumstellar medium such as narrow emission lines. There are hints of weak Hα emission at late-times, but Margutti et al. have shown that it is narrow line emission consistent with star formation in the host nucleus. By fitting a blackbody, we find that during the rebrightening, the effective photospheric temperature increased from TBB ≃ 11 000 K to TBB ≃ 18 000 K. Over the ~ 550 d since its detection, ASASSN-15lh has radiated ~1.7 -1.9 × 1052 erg. Although its physical nature remains uncertain, the evolution of ASASSN-15lh's photospheric radius, its radiated energy and the implied event rate, are all more similar to those of H-poor superluminous supernovae than to tidal disruption events.

Research Organization:
Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States); The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-97ER25308; AST-1515927; AST-0908816; XDB09000000; 11 XDB09000000; 1151445; IC120009; HF-51348.001; NAS 5-26555; AST-1518052; PHY-1404311
OSTI ID:
1535669
Journal Information:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 2; ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Oxford University PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 36 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (56)

Superluminous Light Curves from Supernovae Exploding in a Dense wind journal September 2012
The radial velocity curve and peculiar TiO distribution of the red secondary star in Z Chamaeleontis journal January 1988
The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal October 2005
The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope journal October 2005
The prime focus imaging spectrograph for the Southern African Large Telescope: structural and mechanical design and commissioning conference June 2006
The MagE spectrograph conference August 2008
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
  • Brown, T. M.; Baliber, N.; Bianco, F. B.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 931 https://doi.org/10.1086/673168
journal September 2013
SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA SN 2015bn IN THE NEBULAR PHASE: EVIDENCE FOR THE ENGINE-POWERED EXPLOSION OF A STRIPPED MASSIVE STAR journal September 2016
Exploring the Optical Transient Sky with the Palomar Transient Factory
  • Rau, Arne; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Law, Nicholas M.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 121, Issue 886 https://doi.org/10.1086/605911
journal December 2009
Further calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Further calibration of the Swift UVOT journal June 2010
ASASSN-15LH: A SUPERLUMINOUS ULTRAVIOLET REBRIGHTENING OBSERVED BY SWIFT AND HUBBLE journal August 2016
Supernova Light Curves Powered by Young Magnetars journal June 2010
An optimal extraction algorithm for CCD spectroscopy journal June 1986
SUPER-LUMINOUS TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE: CATCHING A MAGNETAR BY THE TAIL journal June 2013
How much radioactive nickel does ASASSN-15lh require? journal March 2016
SN 2010jl IN UGC 5189: YET ANOTHER LUMINOUS TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA IN A METAL-POOR GALAXY journal March 2011
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program - I. Observations, data reduction and spectroscopic sample of 582 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae: BSNIP I: SN Ia spectra journal August 2012
Bright Supernovae from Magnetar Birth journal August 2010
The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
  • Law, Nicholas M.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Dekany, Richard G.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 121, Issue 886 https://doi.org/10.1086/648598
journal December 2009
Extreme Supernova Models for the Super-Luminous Transient Asassn-15lh journal September 2016
The most Luminous Supernovae journal March 2016
The Extreme Hosts of Extreme Supernovae journal December 2010
Detection of Broad hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova journal November 2015
Shock Breakout in Dense mass Loss: Luminous Supernovae journal February 2011
Six months of multiwavelength follow-up of the tidal disruption candidate ASASSN-14li and implied TDE rates from ASAS-SN journal November 2015
Slowly fading super-luminous supernovae that are not pair-instability explosions journal October 2013
A CONTINUUM OF H- TO He-RICH TIDAL DISRUPTION CANDIDATES WITH A PREFERENCE FOR E+A GALAXIES journal September 2014
ULTRA-BRIGHT OPTICAL TRANSIENTS ARE LINKED WITH TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE journal October 2010
The volumetric rate of superluminous supernovae at z ∼ 1 journal August 2016
Two type Ic supernovae in low-metallicity, dwarf galaxies: diversity of explosions journal March 2010
A TRIPLE-ENERGY-SOURCE MODEL FOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA iPTF13ehe journal September 2016
ASASSN-15oi: a rapidly evolving, luminous tidal disruption event at 216 Mpc journal September 2016
SN 2015bn: A DETAILED MULTI-WAVELENGTH VIEW OF A NEARBY SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA journal July 2016
Tidal disruption event demographics journal May 2016
Rates of superluminous supernovae at z ∼ 0.2 journal March 2013
The man Behind the Curtain: X-Rays Drive the uv Through nir Variability in the 2013 Active Galactic Nucleus Outburst in ngc 2617 journal May 2014
The superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh as a tidal disruption event from a Kerr black hole journal December 2016
Type i Superluminous Supernovae as Explosions Inside Non-Hydrogen Circumstellar Envelopes journal September 2016
The host galaxy and late-time evolution of the superluminous supernova PTF12dam journal July 2015
Measurement of the rate of Stellar Tidal Disruption Flares journal August 2014
Determination of confidence limits for experiments with low numbers of counts journal June 1991
ZOOMING IN ON THE PROGENITORS OF SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE WITH THE HST journal May 2015
Hello darkness my old friend: the fading of the nearby TDE ASASSN-14ae journal August 2016
Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT journal December 2007
ASASSN-14ae: a tidal disruption event at 200 Mpc journal October 2014
Ionization break-out from millisecond pulsar wind nebulae: an X-ray probe of the origin of superluminous supernovae journal November 2013
Rapidly Rising Transients in the Supernova—Superluminous Supernova gap journal February 2016
Luminous Supernovae journal August 2012
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd journal August 2011
The diversity of transients from magnetar birth in core collapse supernovae journal October 2015
PS1-14bj: A HYDROGEN-POOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA WITH A LONG RISE AND SLOW DECAY journal November 2016
Optical Photometry and Spectroscopy of the SN 1998bw–like Type Ic Supernova 2002ap
  • Foley, Ryan J.; Papenkova, Marina S.; Swift, Brandon J.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 115, Issue 812 https://doi.org/10.1086/378242
journal October 2003
Hydrogen-poor superluminous stellar explosions journal June 2011
ANALYTICAL LIGHT CURVE MODELS OF SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE: χ 2 -MINIMIZATION OF PARAMETER FITS journal July 2013
ASASSN-15lh: A highly super-luminous supernova journal January 2016
Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion journal December 2009

Similar Records

ASASSN-15LH: A SUPERLUMINOUS ULTRAVIOLET REBRIGHTENING OBSERVED BY SWIFT AND HUBBLE
Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1535669

X-Rays from the Location of the Double-humped Transient ASASSN-15lh
Journal Article · Fri Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1535669

The Rise and Fall of ASASSN-18pg: Following a TDE from Early to Late Times
Journal Article · Tue Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1535669