Simulating the density of organic species in the atmosphere of Titan with a coupled ion-neutral photochemical model

Vuitton, V.; Yelle, R. V.; Klippenstein, S. J.; Hörst, S. M.; Lavvas, P.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.06.013

Title: Simulating the density of organic species in the atmosphere of Titan with a coupled ion-neutral photochemical model

Journal Article · Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Icarus

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.06.013· OSTI ID:1530387

^[1]; Yelle, R. V. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Lavvas, P. ^[5]

Univ. of Grenoble (France)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne (France)

We introduce a one-dimensional coupled ion-neutral photochemical kinetics and diffusion model to study the atmospheric composition of Titan in light of new theoretical kinetics calculations and scientific findings from the Cassini–Huygens mission. The model extends from the surface to the exobase. The atmospheric background, boundary conditions, vertical transport and aerosol opacity are all constrained by the Cassini–Huygens observations. The chemical network includes reactions between hydrocarbons, nitrogen and oxygen bearing species. It takes into account neutrals and both positive and negative ions with masses extending up to 116 and 74 u, respectively. We incorporate high-resolution isotopic photoabsorption and photodissociation cross sections for N₂ as well as new photodissociation branching ratios for CH₄ and C₂H₂. Ab initio transition state theory calculations are performed in order to estimate the rate coefficients and products for critical reactions. Critical reactions of production and loss for neutrals and ions are quantitatively assessed and thoroughly discussed. The vertical distributions of neutrals and ions predicted by the model generally reproduce observational data, suggesting that for the small species most chemical processes in Titan’s atmosphere and ionosphere are adequately described and understood; some differences are highlighted. Notable remaining issues include (i) the total positive ion density (essentially HCNH⁺) in the upper ionosphere, (ii) the low mass negative ion densities (CN^-, C₃N^-/C4H^-) in the upper atmosphere, and (iii) the minor oxygen-bearing species (CO₂, H₂O) density in the stratosphere. Pathways towards complex molecules and the impact of aerosols (UV shielding, atomic and molecular hydrogen budget, nitriles heterogeneous chemistry and condensation) are evaluated in the model, along with lifetimes and solar cycle variations.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; French space agency (CNES); NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1530387

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1775832

Journal Information:: Icarus, Vol. 324, Issue C; ISSN 0019-1035

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 91 works

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Low‐Pressure EUV Photochemical Experiments: Insight on the Ion Chemistry Occurring in Titan's Atmosphere Bourgalais, J.; Carrasco, N.; Vettier, L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026953	journal	November 2019
A low temperature investigation of the N( ² D) + CH ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ and C ₃ H ₈ reactions Nuñez-Reyes, Dianailys; Loison, Jean-Christophe; Hickson, Kevin M. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00798a	journal	January 2019
Ethane in Titan’s Stratosphere from Cassini CIRS Far- and Mid-infrared Spectra Lombardo, Nicholas A.; Nixon, Conor A.; Sylvestre, Melody The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e07	journal	April 2019
Low-temperature synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Titan’s surface ices and on airless bodies Abplanalp, Matthew J.; Frigge, Robert; Kaiser, Ralf I. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5841	journal	October 2019
Detection of Propadiene on Titan Lombardo, Nicholas A.; Nixon, Conor A.; Greathouse, Thomas K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3860	journal	August 2019
ALMA Spectral Imaging of Titan Contemporaneous with Cassini 's Grand Finale Cordiner, M. A.; Teanby, N. A.; Nixon, C. A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 158, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab2d20	journal	July 2019
Seasonal Evolution of Titan's Stratosphere During the Cassini Mission Teanby, N. A.; Sylvestre, M.; Sharkey, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081401	journal	March 2019
Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Observations of Titan 2004–2017 Nixon, Conor A.; Ansty, Todd M.; Lombardo, Nicholas A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 244, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3799	journal	September 2019
Heavy negative ion growth in Titan’s polar winter Wellbrock, A.; Coates, A. J.; Jones, G. H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2655	journal	September 2019
Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Observations of Titan 2004--2017 Nixon, Conor A.; Ansty, Todd M.; Lombardo, Nicholas A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.12612	text	January 2019
Detection of Propadiene on Titan Lombardo, Nicholas A.; Nixon, Conor A.; Greathouse, Thomas K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.07424	text	January 2019
Low Pressure EUV Photochemical Experiments: Insight on the Ion-Chemistry Occurring in Titan's Atmosphere Bourgalais, Jérémy; Carraso, Nathalie; Vettier, Ludovic arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.01931	text	January 2020
Titan's neutral atmosphere seasonal variations up to the end of the Cassini mission Coustenis, A.; Jennings, D. E.; Achterberg, R. K. Icarus, Vol. 344 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113413	journal	July 2020

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