Length-Dependent Evolution of Type II Heterojunctions in Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons

Rizzo, Daniel J.; Wu, Meng; Tsai, Hsin-Zon; Marangoni, Tomas; Durr, Rebecca A.; Omrani, Arash A.; Liou, Franklin; Bronner, Christopher; Joshi, Trinity; Nguyen, Giang D.; Rodgers, Griffin F.; Choi, Won-Woo; Jørgensen, Jakob H.; Fischer, Felix R.; Louie, Steven G.; Crommie, Michael F.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00758

Title: Length-Dependent Evolution of Type II Heterojunctions in Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons

Journal Article · Fri Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00758· OSTI ID:1527367

Rizzo, Daniel J. ^[1]; Wu, Meng ^[1]; Tsai, Hsin-Zon ^[2]; Marangoni, Tomas ^[1]; Durr, Rebecca A. ^[1]; Omrani, Arash A. ^[1]; Liou, Franklin ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Nguyen, Giang D. ^[1]; Rodgers, Griffin F. ^[1]; Choi, Won-Woo ^[1]; Jørgensen, Jakob H. ^[1];

^[3];

^[3]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Shenzhen Univ. (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

The ability to tune the band-edge energies of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) via edge dopants creates new opportunities for designing tailor-made GNR heterojunctions and related nanoscale electronic devices. Here we report the local electronic characterization of type II GNR heterojunctions composed of two different nitrogen edge-doping configurations (carbazole and phenanthridine) that separately exhibit electron-donating and electron-withdrawing behavior. Atomically resolved structural characterization of phenanthridine/carbazole GNR heterojunctions was performed using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and first-principles calculations reveal that carbazole and phenanthridine dopant configurations induce opposite upward and downward orbital energy shifts owing to their different electron affinities. Here, the magnitude of the energy offsets observed in carbazole/phenanthridine heterojunctions is dependent on the length of the GNR segments comprising each heterojunction with longer segments leading to larger heterojunction energy offsets. Using a new on-site energy analysis based on Wannier functions, we find that the origin of this behavior is a charge transfer process that reshapes the electrostatic potential profile over a long distance within the GNR heterojunction.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Shenzhen Peacock Plan

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DMR-1508412; DMR-1839098; LPDS 2014-09; P2ELP2-151852; 827-000113; KQJSCX20170727100802505; KQTD2016053112042971

OSTI ID:: 1527367

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 5; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 28 works

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Title: Length-Dependent Evolution of Type II Heterojunctions in Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons

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