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Title: Simultaneous in Situ X-ray Scattering and Infrared Imaging of Polymer Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

In situ wide-angle X-ray scattering together with infrared imaging was performed during three-dimensional material extrusion printing and correlated with the development of the crystalline structure and subsequent thermomechanical properties. Identical samples were printed with nozzle motion either along the short axis or the long axis. The short axis mode had higher thermal retention, which resulted in later onset of crystal structure. The longer time spent at temperatures between the glass transition and the melting point produced samples with higher degree of crystallinity but also significantly increased brittleness. The tracer diffusion coefficient D(T), together with its temperature dependence, was measured using neutron reflectivity, and the total interdiffusion length between filaments was then calculated using D(T) for each temperature point, as determined by the measured thermal profiles. This allowed us to define the time/temperature plane that yielded the minimum diffusion length ΔL that provides mechanical integrity of the printed features (ΔL less than the radius of gyration of the poly(l-lactide)). The model was probed by printing structures at four nozzle temperatures and measuring the time dependence of the thermal profiles at filaments in the horizontal and vertical positions. In conclusion, the data indicated that the thermal retention was anisotropic, where higher valuesmore » were obtained in the horizontal plane. Mechanical measurements indicated large differential increases in the torsional strength, corresponding to the direction with increased thermal retention.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [1];  [6];  [1];  [1]
  1. Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
  2. Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook, NY (United States)
  3. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  4. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  5. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  6. The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (Israel)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1526643
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 1; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2637-6105
Publisher:
ACS Publications
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additive manufacturing; in situ X-ray scattering; interfacial diffusion; polylactic acid; thermal imaging

Citation Formats

Shmueli, Yuval, Jiang, Jiaolong, Zhou, Yuchen, Xue, Yuan, Chang, Chung -Chueh, Yuan, Guangcui, Satija, Sushil K., Lee, Sungsik, Nam, Chang -Yong, Kim, Taejin, Marom, Gad, Gersappe, Dilip, and Rafailovich, Miriam H. Simultaneous in Situ X-ray Scattering and Infrared Imaging of Polymer Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1021/acsapm.9b00328.
Shmueli, Yuval, Jiang, Jiaolong, Zhou, Yuchen, Xue, Yuan, Chang, Chung -Chueh, Yuan, Guangcui, Satija, Sushil K., Lee, Sungsik, Nam, Chang -Yong, Kim, Taejin, Marom, Gad, Gersappe, Dilip, & Rafailovich, Miriam H. Simultaneous in Situ X-ray Scattering and Infrared Imaging of Polymer Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00328
Shmueli, Yuval, Jiang, Jiaolong, Zhou, Yuchen, Xue, Yuan, Chang, Chung -Chueh, Yuan, Guangcui, Satija, Sushil K., Lee, Sungsik, Nam, Chang -Yong, Kim, Taejin, Marom, Gad, Gersappe, Dilip, and Rafailovich, Miriam H. 2019. "Simultaneous in Situ X-ray Scattering and Infrared Imaging of Polymer Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00328. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1526643.
@article{osti_1526643,
title = {Simultaneous in Situ X-ray Scattering and Infrared Imaging of Polymer Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing},
author = {Shmueli, Yuval and Jiang, Jiaolong and Zhou, Yuchen and Xue, Yuan and Chang, Chung -Chueh and Yuan, Guangcui and Satija, Sushil K. and Lee, Sungsik and Nam, Chang -Yong and Kim, Taejin and Marom, Gad and Gersappe, Dilip and Rafailovich, Miriam H.},
abstractNote = {In situ wide-angle X-ray scattering together with infrared imaging was performed during three-dimensional material extrusion printing and correlated with the development of the crystalline structure and subsequent thermomechanical properties. Identical samples were printed with nozzle motion either along the short axis or the long axis. The short axis mode had higher thermal retention, which resulted in later onset of crystal structure. The longer time spent at temperatures between the glass transition and the melting point produced samples with higher degree of crystallinity but also significantly increased brittleness. The tracer diffusion coefficient D(T), together with its temperature dependence, was measured using neutron reflectivity, and the total interdiffusion length between filaments was then calculated using D(T) for each temperature point, as determined by the measured thermal profiles. This allowed us to define the time/temperature plane that yielded the minimum diffusion length ΔL that provides mechanical integrity of the printed features (ΔL less than the radius of gyration of the poly(l-lactide)). The model was probed by printing structures at four nozzle temperatures and measuring the time dependence of the thermal profiles at filaments in the horizontal and vertical positions. In conclusion, the data indicated that the thermal retention was anisotropic, where higher values were obtained in the horizontal plane. Mechanical measurements indicated large differential increases in the torsional strength, corresponding to the direction with increased thermal retention.},
doi = {10.1021/acsapm.9b00328},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1526643}, journal = {ACS Applied Polymer Materials},
issn = {2637-6105},
number = 6,
volume = 1,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}