Large bipolaron density at organic semiconductor/electrode interfaces

Dhanker, Rijul; Gray, Christopher L.; Mukhopadhyay, Sukrit; Nunez, Sean; Cheng, Chiao -Yu; Sokolov, Anatoliy N.; Giebink, Noel C.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02459-3

Title: Large bipolaron density at organic semiconductor/electrode interfaces

Journal Article · Thu Dec 21 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02459-3· OSTI ID:1523500

Dhanker, Rijul ^[1]; Gray, Christopher L. ^[2]; Mukhopadhyay, Sukrit ^[3]; Nunez, Sean ^[4]; Cheng, Chiao -Yu ^[1]; Sokolov, Anatoliy N. ^[3];

^[1]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept of Electrical Engineering
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept of Chemistry
Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept of Materials Science

Bipolaron states, in which two electrons or two holes occupy a single molecule or conjugated polymer segment, are typically considered to be negligible in organic semiconductor devices due to Coulomb repulsion between the two charges. Here we use charge modulation spectroscopy to reveal a bipolaron sheet density >10¹⁰ cm^–2 at the interface between an indium tin oxide anode and the common small molecule organic semiconductor N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine. We find that the magnetocurrent response of hole-only devices correlates closely with changes in the bipolaron concentration, supporting the bipolaron model of unipolar organic magnetoresistance and suggesting that it may be more of an interface than a bulk phenomenon. These results are understood on the basis of a quantitative interface energy level alignment model, which indicates that bipolarons are generally expected to be significant near contacts in the Fermi level pinning regime and thus may be more prevalent in organic electronic devices than previously thought.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Contributing Organization:: Dow Chemical Company

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012365

OSTI ID:: 1523500

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 14 works

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