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Title: Decay Length Estimation of Single- Two- and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground under HEMP Excitation

Abstract

Here, we analytically model single-, two-, and three-wires above ground to determine the decay lengths of common and differential modes induced by an E1 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) excitation. Decay length information is pivotal to determine whether any two nodes in the power grid may be treated as uncoupled. We employ a frequency-domain method based on transmission line theory named ATLOG - Analytic Transmission Line Over Ground to model infinitely long and finite single wires, as well as solve the eigenvalue problem of a single-,two-, and three-wire system. Our calculations show that a single, semi-infinite power line can be approximated by a10 km section of line and that the second electrical reflection for all line lengths longer than the decay length are below half the rated operating voltage. Moreover, our findings show that the differential mode propagates longer distances than the common mode in two- and three-wire systems, and this should be taken into account when performing damage assessment from HEMP excitation. Furthermore, this analysis is a significant step toward simplifying the modeling of practical continental grid lengths, yet maintaining accuracy, a result of enormous impact.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1515217
Report Number(s):
SAND-2019-4066J
Journal ID: ISSN 1937-6472; 674600
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Progress in Electromagnetics Research B
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 84; Journal ID: ISSN 1937-6472
Publisher:
EMW Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING; high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP); transmission lines; single-wire system; two-wire system; three-wire system; power grid; decay length; electric grid resiliency

Citation Formats

Campione, Salvatore, Warne, Larry K., Halligan, Matthew, Lavrova, Olga, and San Martin, Luis. Decay Length Estimation of Single- Two- and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground under HEMP Excitation. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.2528/PIERB19010803.
Campione, Salvatore, Warne, Larry K., Halligan, Matthew, Lavrova, Olga, & San Martin, Luis. Decay Length Estimation of Single- Two- and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground under HEMP Excitation. United States. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB19010803
Campione, Salvatore, Warne, Larry K., Halligan, Matthew, Lavrova, Olga, and San Martin, Luis. 2019. "Decay Length Estimation of Single- Two- and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground under HEMP Excitation". United States. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB19010803. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1515217.
@article{osti_1515217,
title = {Decay Length Estimation of Single- Two- and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground under HEMP Excitation},
author = {Campione, Salvatore and Warne, Larry K. and Halligan, Matthew and Lavrova, Olga and San Martin, Luis},
abstractNote = {Here, we analytically model single-, two-, and three-wires above ground to determine the decay lengths of common and differential modes induced by an E1 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) excitation. Decay length information is pivotal to determine whether any two nodes in the power grid may be treated as uncoupled. We employ a frequency-domain method based on transmission line theory named ATLOG - Analytic Transmission Line Over Ground to model infinitely long and finite single wires, as well as solve the eigenvalue problem of a single-,two-, and three-wire system. Our calculations show that a single, semi-infinite power line can be approximated by a10 km section of line and that the second electrical reflection for all line lengths longer than the decay length are below half the rated operating voltage. Moreover, our findings show that the differential mode propagates longer distances than the common mode in two- and three-wire systems, and this should be taken into account when performing damage assessment from HEMP excitation. Furthermore, this analysis is a significant step toward simplifying the modeling of practical continental grid lengths, yet maintaining accuracy, a result of enormous impact.},
doi = {10.2528/PIERB19010803},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1515217}, journal = {Progress in Electromagnetics Research B},
issn = {1937-6472},
number = ,
volume = 84,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}