High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation

Ramachandran, Ashwin; Oyarzun, Diego I.; Hawks, Steven A.; Stadermann, Michael; Santiago, Juan G.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007

Title: High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation

Journal Article · Thu Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Water Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007· OSTI ID:1513144

^[1]; Oyarzun, Diego I. ^[2];

^[3]; Stadermann, Michael ^[3]; Santiago, Juan G. ^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Aeronautics & Astronautics
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Water recovery is a measure of the amount of treated water produced relative to the total amount of water processed through the system, and is an important performance metric for any desalination method. Conventional operating methods for desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI) have so far limited water recovery to be about 50%. To improve water recovery for CDI, we introduce a new operating scheme based on a variable (in time) flow rate wherein a low flow rate during discharge is used to produce a brine volume which is significantly less than the volume of diluent produced. We demonstrate experimentally and study systematically this novel variable flowrate operating scheme in the framework of both constant current and constant voltage charge-discharge modes. We show that the variable flowrate operation can increase water recovery for CDI to very high values of ~90% and can improve thermodynamic efficiency by about 2- to 3-fold compared to conventional constant flowrate operation. Importantly, this is achieved with minimal performance reductions in salt removal, energy consumption, and volume throughput. Our work highlights that water recovery can be readily improved for CDI at very minimal additional cost using simple flow control schemes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; California Energy Commission (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; ECP-16-014

OSTI ID:: 1513144

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1636094

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-764246; 954326

Journal Information:: Water Research, Vol. 155; ISSN 0043-1354

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 36 works

Citation information provided by
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Cited By (2)

Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization Ha, Yuncheol; Jung, Hye Bin; Lim, Hyunseung Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913	journal	July 2019
Constant chemical potential cycles for capacitive deionization Moreno, Daniel; Hatzell, Marta C. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05032a	journal	January 2019

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