Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations from Lattice QCD

Rinaldi, Enrico; Syritsyn, Sergey; Wagman, Michael L.; Buchoff, Michael I.; Schroeder, Chris; Wasem, Joseph

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.162001

Title: Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations from Lattice QCD

Journal Article · Mon Apr 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.162001· OSTI ID:1508198

Rinaldi, Enrico; Syritsyn, Sergey; Wagman, Michael L.; Buchoff, Michael I.; Schroeder, Chris; Wasem, Joseph

Fundamental symmetry tests of baryon number violation in low-energy experiments can probe beyond the standard model (BSM) explanations of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. Neutron-antineutron oscillations are predicted to be a signature of many baryogenesis mechanisms involving low-scale baryon number violation. This Letter presents first-principles calculations of neutron-antineutron matrix elements needed to accurately connect measurements of the neutron-antineutron oscillation rate to constraints on |ΔB| = 2 baryon number violation in BSM theories. Several important systematic uncertainties are controlled by using a state-of-the-art lattice gauge field ensemble with physical quark masses and approximate chiral symmetry, performing nonperturbative renormalization with perturbative matching to the modified minimal subtraction scheme, and studying excited state effects in two-state fits. Phenomenological implications are highlighted by comparing expected bounds from proposed neutron-antineutron oscillation experiments to predictions of a specific model of postsphaleron baryogenesis. Quantum chromodynamics is found to predict at least an order of magnitude more events in neutron-antineutron oscillation experiments than previous estimates based on the “MIT bag model” for fixed BSM parameters. Lattice artifacts and other systematic uncertainties that are not controlled in this pioneering calculation are not expected to significantly change this conclusion.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; FG02-00ER41132; SC0012704; SC0011090; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1508198

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1511574; OSTI ID: 1860792

Report Number(s):: BNL-211593-2019-JAAM; LLNL-JRNL-757017; PRLTAO; 162001

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Vol. 122 Journal Issue: 16; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 13 works

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