Catalysis Enabled by Plasma Activation of Strong Chemical Bonds: A Review

Mehta, Prateek; Barboun, Patrick; Go, David B.; Hicks, Jason C.; Schneider, William F.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00263

Title: Catalysis Enabled by Plasma Activation of Strong Chemical Bonds: A Review

Journal Article · Fri Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00263· OSTI ID:1509775

^[1]; Barboun, Patrick ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States

Nonthermal plasma-driven catalysis is an emerging subfield of heterogeneous catalysis that is particularly promising for the chemical transformation of hard-to-activate molecules (e.g., N₂, CO₂, CH₄). In this Review, we illustrate this promise of plasma-enhanced catalysis, focusing on the ammonia synthesis and methane dry reforming reactions, two reactions that have received wide attention and that illustrate the potential for plasma excitations to mitigate kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles to chemical conversions. We highlight how plasma activation of reactants can provide access to overall reaction rates, conversions, product yields, and/or product distributions unattainable by thermal catalysis at similar temperatures and pressures. Particular emphasis is given to efforts aimed at discerning the underlying mechanisms at play in these systems. We discuss opportunities for and challenges to the advancement of the field.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: University of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016543

OSTI ID:: 1509775

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1512270

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Vol. 4 Journal Issue: 5; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 181 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (161)

Optical diagnostics of atmospheric pressure air plasmas Laux, C. O.; Spence, T. G.; Kruger, C. H. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/12/2/301	journal	February 2003
Catalytic activation and reforming of methane on supported palladium clusters Yamaguchi, Aritomo; Iglesia, Enrique Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 274, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2010.06.001	journal	August 2010
A Chemical Engineering Perspective on “Views on Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerisation” Gleason, Karen K. Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000012	journal	May 2010
Plasma synthesis of ammonia with a microgap dielectric barrier discharge at ambient pressure IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2003.818761	journal	December 2003
Exploring the limits: A low-pressure, low-temperature Haber–Bosch process Vojvodic, Aleksandra; Medford, Andrew James; Studt, Felix Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 598 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.003	journal	April 2014
Non-thermal plasma catalysis of methane: Principles, energy efficiency, and applications Nozaki, Tomohiro; Okazaki, Ken Catalysis Today, Vol. 211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.04.002	journal	August 2013
Plasma-based conversion of CO ₂ : current status and future challenges Bogaerts, Annemie; Kozák, Tomas; van Laer, Koen Faraday Discussions, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00053J	journal	January 2015
Theoretical Heterogeneous Catalysis: Scaling Relationships and Computational Catalyst Design Greeley, Jeffrey Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034413	journal	June 2016
A study on CO2 and CH4 conversion to synthesis gas and higher hydrocarbons by the combination of catalysts and dielectric-barrier discharges Zhang, Kui; Mukhriza, Teuku; Liu, Xiaoteng Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 502 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.06.002	journal	August 2015
Preference for Vibrational over Translational Energy in a Gas-Surface Reaction Smith, R. R. Science, Vol. 304, Issue 5673 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1096309	journal	May 2004
Structural requirements and reaction pathways in methane activation and chemical conversion catalyzed by rhodium Wei, J. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 225, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2003.09.030	journal	July 2004
Visible-light-enhanced catalytic oxidation reactions on plasmonic silver nanostructures Christopher, Phillip; Xin, Hongliang; Linic, Suljo Nature Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1032	journal	May 2011
Effects of Reactor Packing Materials on H2 Production by CO2 Reforming of CH4 in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Gallon, Helen J.; Tu, Xin; Whitehead, J. Christopher Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100130	journal	November 2011
Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane in an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge: Understanding the synergistic effect at low temperature Tu, X.; Whitehead, J. C. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.06.006	journal	August 2012
Spectroscopic studies and rotational and vibrational temperature measurements of atmospheric pressure normal glow plasma discharges in air Staack, David; Farouk, Bakhtier; Gutsol, Alexander F. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/027	journal	September 2006
Ru-based multifunctional mesoporous catalyst for low-pressure and non-thermal plasma synthesis of ammonia Peng, Peng; Cheng, Yanling; Hatzenbeller, Raymond International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.118	journal	July 2017
Semiclassical modeling of state-specific dissociation rates in diatomic gases Macheret, Sergey O.; Adamovich, Igor V. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1313386	journal	November 2000
Investigation of mechanistic aspects of the catalytic CO2 reforming of methane in a dielectric-barrier discharge using optical emission spectroscopy and kinetic modeling Kraus, Martin; Egli, Walter; Haffner, Ken Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/b108040g	journal	January 2002
Plasma chemical synthesis. I. Effect of electrode material on the synthesis of ammonia Yin, Khin Swe; Venugopalan, Mundiyath Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564632	journal	September 1983
Steam and dry reforming of methane on Rh: Microkinetic analysis and hierarchy of kinetic models Maestri, M.; Vlachos, D.; Beretta, A. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 259, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.08.008	journal	October 2008
Plasma-Based Dry Reforming: A Computational Study Ranging from the Nanoseconds to Seconds Time Scale Snoeckx, Ramses; Aerts, Robby; Tu, Xin The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp311912b	journal	March 2013
Catalytic Effects of Metal-loaded Membrane-like Alumina Tubes on Ammonia Synthesis in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Mizushima, Takanori; Matsumoto, Kazumi; Ohkita, Hironobu Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-006-9034-2	journal	November 2006
Use of a non-thermal plasma for the production of synthesis gas from biogas Goujard, Valentin; Tatibouët, Jean-Michel; Batiot-Dupeyrat, Catherine Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 353, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.10.050	journal	February 2009
Tubular membrane-like catalyst for reactor with dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma and its performance in ammonia synthesis Mizushima, Takanori; Matsumoto, Kazumi; Sugoh, Jun-ichi Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 265, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.01.002	journal	June 2004
New design paradigm for heterogeneous catalysts Vojvodic, Aleksandra; Nørskov, Jens K. National Science Review, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv023	journal	April 2015
Opportunities and Challenges of Solar-Energy-Driven Carbon Dioxide to Fuel Conversion with Plasmonic Catalysts Yu, Sungju; Wilson, Andrew J.; Kumari, Gayatri ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00640	journal	August 2017
First principles calculations and experimental insight into methane steam reforming over transition metal catalysts Jones, G.; Jakobsen, J.; Shim, S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 259, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.08.003	journal	October 2008
Density Functional Theory-Assisted Microkinetic Analysis of Methane Dry Reforming on Ni Catalyst Fan, Chen; Zhu, Yi-An; Yang, Ming-Lei Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 54, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00563	journal	May 2015
Neutral and ion chemistry in low pressure dc plasmas of H2/N2 mixtures: routes for the efficient production of NH3 and NH4+ Carrasco, Esther; Jiménez-Redondo, Miguel; Tanarro, Isabel Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22284h	journal	January 2011
Isotopic and kinetic assessment of the mechanism of reactions of CH4 with CO2 or H2O to form synthesis gas and carbon on nickel catalysts Wei, Junmei; Iglesia, Enrique Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 224, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.02.032	journal	June 2004
Synthesis of ammonia in high-frequency discharges Uyama, Haruo; Matsumoto, Osamu Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015824	journal	March 1989
The Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation and the volcano curve in heterogeneous catalysis Bligaard, T.; Nørskov, J. K.; Dahl, S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 224, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.02.034	journal	May 2004
Plasma–catalysis: the known knowns, the known unknowns and the unknown unknowns Whitehead, J. Christopher Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/24/243001	journal	May 2016
Investigation of Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Wang, Qi; Yan, Bin-Hang; Jin, Yong Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-009-9173-3	journal	April 2009
Altering Conversion and Product Selectivity of Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Changing the Dielectric Packing Material Michielsen, Inne; Uytdenhouwen, Yannick; Bogaerts, Annemie Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010051	journal	January 2019
Plasma based CO ₂ and CH ₄ conversion: A modeling perspective Bogaerts, Annemie; De Bie, Christophe; Snoeckx, Ramses Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600070	journal	September 2016
Catalytic Technology for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas Fan, Mun-Sing; Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi; Bhatia, Subhash ChemCatChem, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.200900025	journal	October 2009
Dissociation of CO ₂ by Electron Impact with the Formation of Metastable CO( a ³ Π) and O( ⁵ S ) Freund, Robert S. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676615	journal	October 1971
Dissociative Chemisorption of N ₂ on Ru(001) Enhanced by Vibrational and Kinetic Energy: Molecular Beam Experiments and Quantum Mechanical Calculations Romm, L.; Katz, G.; Kosloff, R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 101, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp962599o	journal	March 1997
Catalytic Nonthermal Plasma Reactor for Dry Reforming of Methane Mahammadunnisa, Sk.; Manoj Kumar Reddy, P.; Ramaraju, B. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef302193e	journal	March 2013
Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation Akay, G. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02962	journal	October 2017
Ammonia synthesis by means of plasma over MgO catalyst Sugiyama, Kazuo; Akazawa, Kiyoshi; Oshima, Masaaki Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571275	journal	June 1986
Process Intensification in Ammonia Synthesis Using Novel Coassembled Supported Microporous Catalysts Promoted by Nonthermal Plasma Akay, Galip; Zhang, Kui Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02053	journal	January 2017
Interfacial reactions between DBD and porous catalyst in dry methane reforming Kameshima, Seigo; Mizukami, Ryo; Yamazaki, Takumi Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaad7d	journal	February 2018
Plasma technology – a novel solution for CO ₂ conversion? Snoeckx, Ramses; Bogaerts, Annemie Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00066E	journal	January 2017
Inverted vibrational distributions from N2 recombination at Ru(001): Evidence for a metastable molecular chemisorption well Murphy, M. J.; Skelly, J. F.; Hodgson, A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 110, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.478601	journal	April 1999
Plasma Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia Using Functionalized-Carbon Coatings in an Atmospheric-Pressure Non-equilibrium Discharge Hong, Jungmi; Aramesh, Morteza; Shimoni, Olga Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-016-9711-8	journal	May 2016
Synergistic effects of catalysts and plasmas on the synthesis of ammonia and hydrazine Tanaka, Shigeyuki; Uyama, Haruo; Matsumoto, Osamu Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01570208	journal	December 1994
About the enhancement of chemical yield during the atmospheric plasma synthesis of ammonia in a ferroelectric packed bed reactor Gómez-Ramírez, Ana; Montoro-Damas, Antonio M.; Cotrino, José Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600081	journal	October 2016
Development of alkali-promoted ruthenium as a novel catalyst for ammonia synthesis Ozaki, Atsumu Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00061a003	journal	January 1981
Dry Reforming of CH₄ With CO₂ to Generate Syngas by Combined Plasma Catalysis Pan, Kuan Lun; Chung, Wei Chieh; Chang, Moo Been IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 42, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2014.2360238	journal	December 2014
Alkali Promotion of $N_{2}$ Dissociation over Ru(0001) Mortensen, J. J.; Hammer, B.; Nørskov, J. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4333	journal	May 1998
Review of catalysis and plasma performance on dry reforming of CH4 and possible synergistic effects Chung, Wei-Chieh; Chang, Moo-Been Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.007	journal	September 2016
Conversion of greenhouse gases into syngas via combined effects of discharge activation and catalysis Zhang, An-Jie; Zhu, Ai-Min; Guo, Jun Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 156, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.04.069	journal	February 2010
Plasma-Induced Chemisorption of Nitrogen and Its Chemical Reactivity on Alumina Kunimori, Kimio; Kuriyama, Takashi; Ito, Shin-ichi Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 33, Issue Part 1, No. 7B https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.33.4195	journal	July 1994
Atmospheric pressure discharge filaments and microplasmas: physics, chemistry and diagnostics Bruggeman, Peter; Brandenburg, Ronny Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/46/464001	journal	October 2013
Kinetic Analysis of Rate Data for Dry Reforming of Methane Barroso Quiroga, María Martha; Castro Luna, Adolfo Eduardo Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 46, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie061645w	journal	August 2007
Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane over γ-Al2O3 supported metal catalysts Zeng, Yuxuan; Zhu, Xinbo; Mei, Danhua Catalysis Today, Vol. 256 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.02.007	journal	November 2015
Electronic factors in catalysis: the volcano curve and the effect of promotion in catalytic ammonia synthesis Dahl, Søren; Logadottir, Ashildur; Jacobsen, Claus J. H. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 222, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00826-2	journal	December 2001
Synergistic effects of plasma–catalyst interactions for CH ₄ activation Kim, Jongsik; Go, David B.; Hicks, Jason C. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP01322A	journal	January 2017
Streamer propagation in a packed bed plasma reactor for plasma catalysis applications Wang, Weizong; Kim, Hyun-Ha; Van Laer, Koen Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 334 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.139	journal	February 2018
Dry reforming of methane in an atmospheric pressure plasma fluidized bed with Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst Wang, Qi; Cheng, Yi; Jin, Yong Catalysis Today, Vol. 148, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2009.08.008	journal	November 2009
Isotopic and kinetic assessment of the mechanism of methane reforming and decomposition reactions on supported iridium catalysts Wei, Junmei; Iglesia, Enrique Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/b400934g	journal	January 2004
Synthesis of ammonia in high-frequency discharges. II. Synthesis of ammonia in a microwave discharge under various conditions Uyama, Haruo; Matsumoto, Osamu Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01083676	journal	September 1989
Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane in an atmospheric pressure AC gliding arc discharge Allah, Zaenab Abd; Whitehead, J. Christopher Catalysis Today, Vol. 256 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.03.040	journal	November 2015
Plasma-based dry reforming: improving the conversion and energy efficiency in a dielectric barrier discharge Snoeckx, R.; Zeng, Y. X.; Tu, X. RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA01100K	journal	January 2015
Reaction Pathways and Site Requirements for the Activation and Chemical Conversion of Methane on Ru−Based Catalysts Wei, Junmei; Iglesia, Enrique The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp030783l	journal	June 2004
Photochemical transformations on plasmonic metal nanoparticles Linic, Suljo; Aslam, Umar; Boerigter, Calvin Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4281	journal	May 2015
Influence of the Plasma Power Supply Nature on the Plasma–Catalyst Synergism for the Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane Goujard, Valentin; Tatibouet, Jean-Michel; Batiot-Dupeyrat, Catherine IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2009.2033695	journal	December 2009
One-Step Reforming of CO ₂ and CH ₄ into High-Value Liquid Chemicals and Fuels at Room Temperature by Plasma-Driven Catalysis Wang, Li; Yi, Yanhui; Wu, Chunfei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707131	journal	September 2017
Parametric analysis of plasma-assisted pulsed dry methane reforming over Ni/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst Kameshima, Seigo; Tamura, Keishiro; Mizukami, Ryo Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600096	journal	September 2016
Hydrogen and synthesis gas by steam- and C0₂ reforming Rostrup-Nielsen, Jens R.; Sehested, Jens; Nørskov, Jens K. Advances in Catalysis, Vol. 47, p. 65-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-0564(02)47006-X	journal	January 2002
Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014 Patil, B. S.; Wang, Q.; Hessel, V. Catalysis Today, Vol. 256 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.005	journal	November 2015
Plasma Catalysis as an Alternative Route for Ammonia Production: Status, Mechanisms, and Prospects for Progress Hong, Jungmi; Prawer, Steven; Murphy, Anthony B. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02381	journal	November 2017
Plasma Catalysis: Synergistic Effects at the Nanoscale Neyts, Erik C.; Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken); Sunkara, Mahendra K. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00362	journal	November 2015
Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor with Ni/Al ₂ O ₃ Catalyst: Interaction of Catalyst and Plasma Wang, Qi; Yan, Bin-Hang; Jin, Yong Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef900286j	journal	August 2009
Inertia and driving force of chemical reactions Evans, M. G.; Polanyi, M. Transactions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9383400011	journal	January 1938
A review on the non-thermal plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis technologies Peng, Peng; Chen, Paul; Schiappacasse, Charles Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.229	journal	March 2018
Intrinsic reactivity of Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces in dry reforming and competitive reactions: Insights from first principles calculations and microkinetic modeling simulations Foppa, Lucas; Silaghi, Marius-Christian; Larmier, Kim Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2016.02.030	journal	November 2016
Testing the Hypothesis: Comments on Plasma Polymerisation of Acrylic Acid Revisited Short, Robert D.; Steele, David A. Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900101	journal	May 2010
Concepts in reaction dynamics Polanyi, John C. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50053a001	journal	May 1972
A note on the vibrational efficacy in molecule-surface reactions Díaz, C.; Olsen, R. A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3080613	journal	March 2009
Review of plasma catalysis on hydrocarbon reforming for hydrogen production—Interaction, integration, and prospects Chen, H.; Lee, H.; Chen, S. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 85, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.06.021	journal	December 2008
Catalytic partial oxidation of methane over a 4% Rh/α-Al2O3 catalyst Part II: Role of CO2 reforming Donazzi, A.; Beretta, A.; Groppi, G. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 255, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.02.010	journal	April 2008
From the Sabatier principle to a predictive theory of transition-metal heterogeneous catalysis Medford, Andrew J.; Vojvodic, Aleksandra; Hummelshøj, Jens S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 328 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.033	journal	August 2015
Interactions of plasma species on nickel catalysts: A reactive molecular dynamics study on the influence of temperature and surface structure Somers, W.; Bogaerts, A.; van Duin, A. C. T. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 154-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.061	journal	July 2014
Ammonia Synthesis on Wool-Like Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, or Cu Electrode Catalysts in Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma of N ₂ and H ₂ Iwamoto, Masakazu; Akiyama, Mao; Aihara, Keigo ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b01624	journal	September 2017
Remarkable catalysis of a wool-like copper electrode for NH ₃ synthesis from N ₂ and H ₂ in non-thermal atmospheric plasma Aihara, Keigo; Akiyama, Mao; Deguchi, Takashi Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 93 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC06752B	journal	January 2016
A simple model for associative desorption and dissociative chemisorption Luntz, A. C. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1311280	journal	October 2000
The impact of transition metal catalysts on macroscopic dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) characteristics in an ammonia synthesis plasma catalysis reactor Herrera, Francisco A.; Brown, Gabriel H.; Barboun, Patrick Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab0c58	journal	March 2019
Ammonia synthesis at low temperatures Rod, T. H.; Logadottir, A.; Nørskov, J. K. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 112, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481103	journal	March 2000
Some Remarks to Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerization: Some Remarks to Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerization Biederman, Hynek; Kylián, Ondřej Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000188	journal	April 2011
Glidarc Assisted Preparation of the Synthesis Gas from Natural and Waste Hydrocarbons Gases Czernichowski, A. Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2001018	journal	March 2001
Effect of vibrational energy on the dissociative chemisorption of N ₂ on Fe(111) Rettner, C. T.; Stein, H. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453575	journal	July 1987
Plasma-induced nitrogen chemisorption on a ruthenium black catalyst: formation of NH3 by hydrogenation of the chemisorbed nitrogen Kunimori, K.; Osumi, M.; Kameoka, S. Catalysis Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00764903	journal	January 1992
Plasma Chemistry Fridman, Alexander Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546075	book	January 2008
Overcoming ammonia synthesis scaling relations with plasma-enabled catalysis Mehta, Prateek; Barboun, Patrick; Herrera, Francisco A. Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0045-1	journal	April 2018
Precursor-mediated reactivity of vibrationally hot molecules: Methane activation on Ir(111) Dombrowski, Eric; Peterson, Eric; Del Sesto, Deno Catalysis Today, Vol. 244 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.10.025	journal	April 2015
Dry reforming of methane over a Ni/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor Tu, Xin; Gallon, Helen J.; Twigg, Martyn V. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/27/274007	journal	June 2011
Electron-induced dry reforming of methane in a temperature-controlled dielectric barrier discharge reactor Zhang, Xuming; Cha, Min Suk Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/41/415205	journal	September 2013
Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment Artz, Jens; Müller, Thomas E.; Thenert, Katharina Chemical Reviews, Vol. 118, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00435	journal	December 2017
Reply to: “Testing the Hypothesis: Comments on Plasma Polymerization of Acrylic Acid Revisited” Hegemann, Dirk; Körner, Enrico; Guimond, Sébastien Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900170	journal	May 2010
Direct Conversion of Methane and Carbon Dioxide to Higher Hydrocarbons Using Catalytic Dielectric-Barrier Discharges with Zeolites Eliasson, Baldur; Liu, Chang-jun; Kogelschatz, Ulrich Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990804r	journal	May 2000
Beyond fossil fuel–driven nitrogen transformations Chen, Jingguang G.; Crooks, Richard M.; Seefeldt, Lance C. Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6391 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6611	journal	May 2018
Production of Ammonia by Heterogeneous Catalysis in a Packed-Bed Dielectric-Barrier Discharge: Influence of Argon Addition and Voltage Hong, Jungmi; Prawer, Steven; Murphy, Anthony B. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 42, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2014.2323077	journal	October 2014
Self-consistent kinetic model of low-pressure - flowing discharges: II. Surface processes and densities of N, H, species Gordiets, B.; Ferreira, C. M.; Pinheiro, M. J. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/7/3/016	journal	August 1998
Pulsed dry methane reforming in plasma-enhanced catalytic reaction Kameshima, Seigo; Tamura, Keishiro; Ishibashi, Yutaro Catalysis Today, Vol. 256 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.011	journal	November 2015
Nobel Prize in chemistry 1912 to Sabatier: Organic chemistry or catalysis? Che, Michel Catalysis Today, Vol. 218-219 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.07.006	journal	December 2013
Low temperature reforming of biogas over K-, Mg- and Ce-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the production of hydrogen rich syngas: Understanding the plasma-catalytic synergy Zeng, Y. X.; Wang, L.; Wu, C. F. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.10.017	journal	May 2018
Methane Activation by Heterogeneous Catalysis Horn, Raimund; Schlögl, Robert Catalysis Letters, Vol. 145, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1417-z	journal	November 2014
N2 dissociative adsorption on Ru(0001): The role of energy loss Diekhöner, L.; Mortensen, H.; Baurichter, A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1413746	journal	November 2001
N–N2 state to state vibrational-relaxation and dissociation rates based on quasiclassical calculations Esposito, F.; Armenise, I.; Capitelli, M. Chemical Physics, Vol. 331, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.09.035	journal	December 2006
Enhancing C–H Bond Activation of Methane via Temperature-Controlled, Catalyst–Plasma Interactions Kim, Jongsik; Abbott, Marshall S.; Go, David B. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00051	journal	May 2016
Macroscopic Description of Plasma Polymerization Hegemann, Dirk; Hossain, Mohammad Mokbul; Körner, Enrico Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200600169	journal	April 2007
Atmospheric-pressure nonthermal plasma synthesis of ammonia over ruthenium catalysts Kim, Hyun-Ha; Teramoto, Yoshiyuki; Ogata, Atsushi Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600157	journal	October 2016
Modeling plasma-based CO ₂ conversion: crucial role of the dissociation cross section Bogaerts, Annemie; Wang, Weizong; Berthelot, Antonin Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/25/5/055016	journal	August 2016
Views on Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerization: Acrylic Acid Revisited: Views on Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerization: … van de Sanden, Mauritius C. M. Richard Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000034	journal	October 2010
The Synthesis of Ammonia in the low Voltage arc Brewer, A. Keith.; Miller, R. R. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 53, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01359a018	journal	August 1931
Ammonia synthesis and by-product formation from H ₂ O, H ₂ and N ₂ by dielectric barrier discharge combined with an Ru/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst Xie, Deyuan; Sun, Ye; Zhu, Tianle RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 107 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA21351K	journal	January 2016
Plasma Technology: An Emerging Technology for Energy Storage Bogaerts, Annemie; Neyts, Erik C. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00184	journal	March 2018
Potential sources of CO2 and the options for its large-scale utilisation now and in the future Edwards, J. H. Catalysis Today, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(94)00081-C	journal	January 1995
Temperature influence on the reactivity of plasma species on a nickel catalyst surface: An atomic scale study Somers, W.; Bogaerts, A.; van Duin, A. C. T. Catalysis Today, Vol. 211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.02.010	journal	August 2013
DFT study of Ni-catalyzed plasma dry reforming of methane Shirazi, Mahdi; Neyts, Erik C.; Bogaerts, Annemie Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.01.004	journal	May 2017
Methane activation: the past and future Tang, Pei; Zhu, Qingjun; Wu, Zhaoxuan Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00604F	journal	January 2014
Structural and Mechanistic Requirements for Methane Activation and Chemical Conversion on Supported Iridium Clusters Wei, Junmei; Iglesia, Enrique Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 43, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200352703	journal	July 2004
Electronic excitation of CH ₄ by low‐energy electron impact Winstead, Carl; Sun, Qiyan; McKoy, Vincent The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464191	journal	February 1993
Structure sensitivity of supported ruthenium catalysts for ammonia synthesis Jacobsen, Claus J. H.; Dahl, Søren; Hansen, Poul L. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol. 163, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(00)00396-4	journal	December 2000
Kinetic modelling of NH ₃ production in N ₂ –H ₂ non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma catalysis Hong, Jungmi; Pancheshnyi, Sergey; Tam, Eugene Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa6229	journal	March 2017
Plasma Polymerization of Acrylic Acid Revisited Hegemann, Dirk; Körner, Enrico; Guimond, Sébastien Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200800089	journal	April 2009
Hot Electrons Do the Impossible: Plasmon-Induced Dissociation of H ₂ on Au Mukherjee, Shaunak; Libisch, Florian; Large, Nicolas Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl303940z	journal	December 2012
Atmospheric Pressure Ammonia Synthesis Using Non-thermal Plasma Assisted Catalysis Peng, Peng; Li, Yun; Cheng, Yanling Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-016-9713-6	journal	June 2016
Dielectric-Barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications Kogelschatz, Ulrich Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 23, Issue 1, p. 1-46 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022470901385	journal	March 2003
Scaling Properties of Adsorption Energies for Hydrogen-Containing Molecules on Transition-Metal Surfaces Abild-Pedersen, F.; Greeley, J.; Studt, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.016105	journal	July 2007
Nonequilibrium Plasma Reforming of Greenhouse Gases to Synthesis Gas Zhou, L. M.; Xue, B.; Kogelschatz, U. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef980044h	journal	November 1998
Mechanism and Site Requirements for Activation and Chemical Conversion of Methane on Supported Pt Clusters and Turnover Rate Comparisons among Noble Metals Wei, Junmei; Iglesia, Enrique The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp036985z	journal	April 2004
Synthesis of Ammonia in a Strong Electric Field Discharge at Ambient Pressure Mingdong, Bai; Xiyao, Bai; Zhitao, Zhang Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 20, Issue 4, p. 511-520 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007031906589	journal	January 2000
Plasma-catalytic methane conversion with carbon dioxide in dielectric barrier discharges Sentek, Jan; Krawczyk, Krzysztof; Młotek, Michal Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 94, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.10.016	journal	February 2010
On the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen in electric arcs Birkeland, Kr. Transactions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 2, Issue December https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9060200098	journal	January 1906
Views on Macroscopic Kinetics of Plasma Polymerisation d'Agostino, Riccardo; Favia, Pietro; Förch, Renate Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000040	journal	April 2010
Beyond equilibrium thermodynamics in the low temperature plasma processor Thimsen, Elijah Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5022470	journal	July 2018
Ammonia Synthesis from First-Principles Calculations Honkala, K. Science, Vol. 307, Issue 5709 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106435	journal	January 2005
Dissociation of vibrationally excited methane on Ni catalyst Nozaki, Tomohiro; Muto, Nahoko; Kado, Shigeru Catalysis Today, Vol. 89, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.040	journal	February 2004
Efficient synthesis of ammonia from N ₂ and H ₂ alone in a ferroelectric packed-bed DBD reactor Gómez-Ramírez, A.; Cotrino, J.; Lambert, R. M. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/6/065011	journal	November 2015
Combination of plasmas and catalytic reactions for CO2 reforming of CH4 by dielectric barrier discharge process Nguyen, Hoang Hai; Kim, Kyo-Seon Catalysis Today, Vol. 256 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.04.034	journal	November 2015
The Dominant Pathways for the Conversion of Methane into Oxygenates and Syngas in an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge De Bie, Christophe; van Dijk, Jan; Bogaerts, Annemie The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06515	journal	September 2015
Fluid Modeling of the Conversion of Methane into Higher Hydrocarbons in an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Fluid Modeling of the Conversion of Methane … De Bie, Christophe; Verheyde, Bert; Martens, Tom Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100027	journal	July 2011
The Synthesis of Ammonia in the Glow Discharge Brewer, A. K.; Westhaver, J. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 33, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/j150300a008	journal	June 1929
Reply to “Testing the Hypothesis: Comments on Plasma Polymerization of Acrylic Acid Revisited” Whittle, Jason D.; Short, Robert D.; Steele, David A. Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100028	journal	June 2011
Direct Photocatalysis by Plasmonic Nanostructures Kale, Matthew J.; Avanesian, Talin; Christopher, Phillip ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400993w	journal	December 2013
Electrical and spectroscopic diagnostics of a single-stage plasma-catalysis system: effect of packing with TiO ₂ Tu, Xin; Gallon, Helen J.; Whitehead, J. Christopher Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/48/482003	journal	November 2011
Kinetics, intermediates and mechanism for the CO2-reforming of methane on supported nickel catalysts Osaki, Toshihiko; Horiuchi, Tatsuro; Suzuki, Kenzi Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, Vol. 92, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9969201627	journal	January 1996
III - Bond energies Benson, Sidney W. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 42, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ed042p502	journal	September 1965
Molecular beam study of dissociative sticking of methane on Ni(100) Holmblad, P. M.; Wambach, J.; Chorkendorff, I. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 102, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.468955	journal	May 1995
Reaction between methane and carbon dioxide to produce syngas in dielectric barrier discharge system Kim, Tae Kyung; Lee, Won Gyu Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.03.009	journal	September 2012
Role of Steps in $N_{2}$ Activation on Ru(0001) Dahl, S.; Logadottir, A.; Egeberg, R. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1814	journal	August 1999
A review of dry (CO ₂ ) reforming of methane over noble metal catalysts Pakhare, Devendra; Spivey, James Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 43, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60395D	journal	January 2014
CO ₂ Hydrogenation by CH ₄ in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Catalytic Effects of Nickel and Copper: CO ₂ Hydrogenation by CH ₄ in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge … Scapinello, Marco; Martini, Luca Matteo; Tosi, Paolo Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201400023	journal	May 2014
Chemical Action in the Glow Discharge II.* Further Investigation on the Synthesis of Ammonia Brewer, A. K.; Westhaver, J. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/j150307a010	journal	January 1930
Ammonia Synthesis over Rhodium, Iridium and Platinum Promoted by Potassium Aika, Ken-ichi; Yamaguchi, Jutaro; Ozaki, Atsumu Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.1973.161	journal	February 1973
Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy Linic, Suljo; Christopher, Phillip; Ingram, David B. Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3151	journal	November 2011
CO2 reforming of methane by the combination of dielectric-barrier discharges and catalysis Kraus, Martin; Eliasson, Baldur; Kogelschatz, Ulrich Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/b007015g	journal	January 2001