Distribution of mechanical stress in the Escherichia coli cell envelope

Hwang, Hyea; Paracini, Nicolò; Parks, Jerry M.; Lakey, Jeremy H.; Gumbart, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.020

Title: Distribution of mechanical stress in the Escherichia coli cell envelope

Journal Article · Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.020· OSTI ID:1576681

Hwang, Hyea;

; Parks, Jerry M.;

;

The cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria comprises two distinct membranes with a cell wall between them. There has been a growing interest in understanding the mechanical adaptation of this cell envelope to the osmotic pressure (or turgor pressure), which is generated by the difference in the concentration of solutes between the cytoplasm and the external environment. However, it remains unexplored how the cell wall, the inner membrane (IM), and the outer membrane (OM) effectively protect the cell from this pressure by bearing the resulting surface tension, thus preventing the formation of inner membrane bulges, abnormal cell morphology, spheroplasts and cell lysis. In this study, we have used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with experiments to resolve how and to what extent models of the IM, OM, and cell wall respond to changes in surface tension. We calculated the area compressibility modulus of all three components in simulations from tension-area isotherms. Experiments on monolayers mimicking individual leaflets of the IM and OM were also used to characterize their compressibility. While the membranes become softer as they expand, the cell wall exhibits significant strain stiffening at moderate to high tensions. We integrate these results into a model of the cell envelope in which the OM and cell wall share the tension at low turgor pressure (0.3 atm) but the tension in the cell wall dominates at high values (>1 atm).

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1576681

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1504012

Journal Information:: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes, Journal Name: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes Vol. 1860 Journal Issue: 12; ISSN 0005-2736

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

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Cited by: 55 works

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Membrane mechanics
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Turgor pressure
Bacterial cell wall
Lipopolysaccharides

Title: Distribution of mechanical stress in the Escherichia coli cell envelope

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