Diazotroph Community Characterization via a High-Throughput nifH Amplicon Sequencing and Analysis Pipeline

Gaby, John Christian; Rishishwar, Lavanya; Valderrama-Aguirre, Lina C.; Green, Stefan J.; Valderrama-Aguirre, Augusto; Jordan, I. King; Kostka, Joel E.; Pettinari, M. Julia

doi:10.1128/aem.01512-17

Title: Diazotroph Community Characterization via a High-Throughput nifH Amplicon Sequencing and Analysis Pipeline

Journal Article · Mon Nov 27 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01512-17· OSTI ID:1503617

Gaby, John Christian ^[1]; Rishishwar, Lavanya ^[2]; Valderrama-Aguirre, Lina C. ^[3]; Green, Stefan J. ^[4]; Valderrama-Aguirre, Augusto ^[5]; Jordan, I. King ^[2]; Kostka, Joel E. ^[6]; Pettinari, M. Julia ^[7]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Applied Bioinformatics Lab. , Atlanta, GA (United States); PanAmerican Bioinformatics Inst., Cali, Valle del Cauca (Columbia)
Lab. of Microorganismal Production (Bioinoculums), Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia); Univ. of Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca (Columbia)
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
PanAmerican Bioinformatics Inst., Cali, Valle del Cauca (Columbia); Free University of Colombia, Cali, Valle del Cauca (Columbia); Center of Excellence for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); PanAmerican Bioinformatics Inst., Cali, Valle del Cauca (Columbia)
Univ. of Buenos Aires (Argentina)

The dinitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) is the most widely established molecular marker for the study of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes in nature. A large number of PCR primer sets have been developed for nifH amplification, and the effective deployment of these approaches should be guided by a rapid, easy-to-use analysis protocol. Bioinformatic analysis of marker gene sequences also requires considerable expertise. In this study, we advance the state of the art for nifH analysis by evaluating nifH primer set performance, developing an improved amplicon sequencing workflow, and implementing a user-friendly bioinformatics pipeline. Furthermore, the developed amplicon sequencing workflow is a three-stage PCR-based approach that uses established technologies for incorporating sample-specific barcode sequences and sequencing adapters. Based on our primer evaluation, we recommend the Ando primer set be used with a modified annealing temperature of 58°C, as this approach captured the largest diversity of nifH templates, including paralog cluster IV/V sequences. To improve nifH sequence analysis, we developed a computational pipeline which infers taxonomy and optionally filters out paralog sequences. In addition, we employed an empirical model to derive optimal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cutoffs for the nifH gene at the species, genus, and family levels. A comprehensive workflow script named TaxADivA (TAXonomy Assignment and DIVersity Assessment) is provided to ease processing and analysis of nifH amplicons. Our approach is then validated through characterization of diazotroph communities across environmental gradients in beach sands impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, in a peat moss-dominated wetland, and in various plant compartments of a sugarcane field. IMPORTANCE: Nitrogen availability often limits ecosystem productivity, and nitrogen fixation, exclusive to prokaryotes, comprises a major source of nitrogen input that sustains food webs. The nifH gene, which codes for the iron protein of the nitrogenase enzyme, is the most widely established molecular marker for the study of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) in nature. In this study, a flexible sequencing/analysis pipeline, named TaxADivA, was developed for nifH amplicons produced by Illumina paired-end sequencing, and it enables an inference of taxonomy, performs clustering, and produces output in formats that may be used by programs that facilitate data exploration and analysis. Diazotroph diversity and community composition are linked to ecosystem functioning, and our results advance the phylogenetic characterization of diazotroph communities by providing empirically derived nifH similarity cutoffs for species, genus, and family levels. Thus, the utility of our pipeline is validated for diazotroph communities in a variety of ecosystems, including contaminated beach sands, peatland ecosystems, living plant tissues, and rhizosphere soil.

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Research Organization:: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0007144; SC0012088

OSTI ID:: 1503617

Journal Information:: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 84, Issue 4; ISSN 0099-2240

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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