High-Throughput Approaches to Optimization of Crystal Silicon Surface Passivation and Heterojunction Solar Cells
We use a high-throughput (combinatorial) hot-wire chemical vapor deposition system to passivate the crystal silicon surface and to grow heterojunction silicon solar cells. We study the effectiveness of crystal surface treatments by atomic H or/and NHx radicals, followed by the growth of thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a Si:H) films. Treatment and layer properties such as times, thicknesses, and gas mixtures can be continuously graded, creating a two-dimensional sample with each variable varying in one direction. This results in high-throughput optimization of the processes. Effective carrier lifetime is measured by photoconductive decay to evaluate the effectiveness of the surface passivation by surface treatments. The effective carrier lifetime increases from about 5 {micro}s without passivation to about 24 {micro}s with an optimized surface treatment and thickness a-Si:H on single-sided c-Si. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that a-Si:H, a mixed phase, or epitaxial growth of thin-film Si depending on the surface treatment. Improvement in effective carrier lifetime correlates with an immediate a-Si:H growth on c-Si, rather than a mixed phase and epitaxial Si growth. We have obtained an efficiency of 13.4% on a non-textured single-sided heterojunction solar cell on p-type CZ-Si processed with optimized surface treatment.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-99-GO10337
- OSTI ID:
- 15016491
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-520-37439; TRN: US200513%%529
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Prepared for the 31st IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference and Exhibition, Lake Buena Vista, FL (US), 01/03/2005--01/07/2005; Other Information: PBD: 1 Feb 2005
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
14 SOLAR ENERGY
CARRIER LIFETIME
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
DECAY
EFFICIENCY
HETEROJUNCTIONS
MIXTURES
OPTIMIZATION
PASSIVATION
RADICALS
SILICON
SILICON SOLAR CELLS
SOLAR CELLS
SURFACE TREATMENTS
THICKNESS
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
PV
HIGH-THROUGHPUT (COMBINATORIAL)
HOT-WIRE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
HETEROJUNCTION SILICON SOLAR CELLS
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)
SOLAR ENERGY - PHOTOVOLTAICS