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Title: Reactive Transport Modeling of Cap Rock Integrity During Natural and Engineered CO2 Storage

Abstract

Long-term cap rock integrity represents the single most important constraint on the long-term isolation performance of natural and engineered CO{sub 2} storage sites. CO{sub 2} influx that forms natural accumulations and CO{sub 2} injection for EOR/sequestration or saline-aquifer disposal both lead to concomitant geochemical alteration and geomechanical deformation of the cap rock, enhancing or degrading its seal integrity depending on the relative effectiveness of these interdependent processes. Using our reactive transport simulator (NUFT), supporting geochemical databases and software (GEMBOCHS, SUPCRT92), and distinct-element geomechanical model (LDEC), we have shown that influx-triggered mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions within typical shale cap rocks continuously reduce microfracture apertures, while pressure and effective-stress evolution first rapidly increase then slowly constrict them. For a given shale composition, the extent of geochemical enhancement is nearly independent of key reservoir properties (permeability and lateral continuity) that distinguish EOR/sequestration and saline-aquifer settings and CO{sub 2} influx parameters (rate, focality, and duration) that distinguish engineered disposal sites and natural accumulations, because these characteristics and parameters have negligible (indirect) impact on mineral dissolution/precipitation rates. In contrast, the extent of geomechanical degradation is highly dependent on these reservoir properties and influx parameters because they effectively dictate magnitude of the pressure perturbation; specifically, initial geomechanicalmore » degradation has been shown inversely proportional to reservoir permeability and lateral continuity and proportional to influx rate. Hence, while the extent of geochemical alteration is nearly independent of filling mode, that of geomechanical deformation is significantly more pronounced during engineered injection. This distinction limits the extent to which naturally-occurring CO{sub 2} reservoirs and engineered storage sites can be considered analogous. In addition, the pressure increase associated with CO{sub 2} accumulation in any compartmentalized system invariably results in net geomechanical aperture widening of cap-rock microfractures. This suggests that ultimate restoration of pre-influx hydrodynamic seal integrity--in both EOR/sequestration and natural accumulation settings--hinges on ultimate geochemical counterbalancing of this geomechanical effect. To explore this hypothesis, we have introduced a new conceptual framework that depicts such counterbalancing as a function of effective diffusion distance and reaction progress. This framework reveals that ultimate counterbalancing of geochemical and geomechanical effects is feasible, which suggests that shale cap rocks may in fact evolve into effective seals in both natural and engineered storage sites.« less

Authors:
; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
US Department of Energy (US)
OSTI Identifier:
15015132
Report Number(s):
UCRL-JRNL-204386
TRN: US200509%%41
DOE Contract Number:  
W-7405-ENG-48
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: vol. 2; Other Information: Journal publication January 15, 2005; (two-volume set published by Elsevier: ISBN 0080445705); PDF-FILE: 52 ; SIZE: 4.4 MBYTES; PBD: 26 May 2004
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES; APERTURES; CAP ROCK; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION; HYDRODYNAMICS; HYPOTHESIS; PERFORMANCE; PERMEABILITY; SHALES; SIMULATION; SIMULATORS; STORAGE; TRANSPORT

Citation Formats

Johnson, J W, Nitao, J J, and Morris, J P. Reactive Transport Modeling of Cap Rock Integrity During Natural and Engineered CO2 Storage. United States: N. p., 2004. Web.
Johnson, J W, Nitao, J J, & Morris, J P. Reactive Transport Modeling of Cap Rock Integrity During Natural and Engineered CO2 Storage. United States.
Johnson, J W, Nitao, J J, and Morris, J P. 2004. "Reactive Transport Modeling of Cap Rock Integrity During Natural and Engineered CO2 Storage". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15015132.
@article{osti_15015132,
title = {Reactive Transport Modeling of Cap Rock Integrity During Natural and Engineered CO2 Storage},
author = {Johnson, J W and Nitao, J J and Morris, J P},
abstractNote = {Long-term cap rock integrity represents the single most important constraint on the long-term isolation performance of natural and engineered CO{sub 2} storage sites. CO{sub 2} influx that forms natural accumulations and CO{sub 2} injection for EOR/sequestration or saline-aquifer disposal both lead to concomitant geochemical alteration and geomechanical deformation of the cap rock, enhancing or degrading its seal integrity depending on the relative effectiveness of these interdependent processes. Using our reactive transport simulator (NUFT), supporting geochemical databases and software (GEMBOCHS, SUPCRT92), and distinct-element geomechanical model (LDEC), we have shown that influx-triggered mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions within typical shale cap rocks continuously reduce microfracture apertures, while pressure and effective-stress evolution first rapidly increase then slowly constrict them. For a given shale composition, the extent of geochemical enhancement is nearly independent of key reservoir properties (permeability and lateral continuity) that distinguish EOR/sequestration and saline-aquifer settings and CO{sub 2} influx parameters (rate, focality, and duration) that distinguish engineered disposal sites and natural accumulations, because these characteristics and parameters have negligible (indirect) impact on mineral dissolution/precipitation rates. In contrast, the extent of geomechanical degradation is highly dependent on these reservoir properties and influx parameters because they effectively dictate magnitude of the pressure perturbation; specifically, initial geomechanical degradation has been shown inversely proportional to reservoir permeability and lateral continuity and proportional to influx rate. Hence, while the extent of geochemical alteration is nearly independent of filling mode, that of geomechanical deformation is significantly more pronounced during engineered injection. This distinction limits the extent to which naturally-occurring CO{sub 2} reservoirs and engineered storage sites can be considered analogous. In addition, the pressure increase associated with CO{sub 2} accumulation in any compartmentalized system invariably results in net geomechanical aperture widening of cap-rock microfractures. This suggests that ultimate restoration of pre-influx hydrodynamic seal integrity--in both EOR/sequestration and natural accumulation settings--hinges on ultimate geochemical counterbalancing of this geomechanical effect. To explore this hypothesis, we have introduced a new conceptual framework that depicts such counterbalancing as a function of effective diffusion distance and reaction progress. This framework reveals that ultimate counterbalancing of geochemical and geomechanical effects is feasible, which suggests that shale cap rocks may in fact evolve into effective seals in both natural and engineered storage sites.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/15015132}, journal = {Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations},
number = ,
volume = vol. 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2004},
month = {Wed May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2004}
}