Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming

Crowther, T. W.; Todd-Brown, K. E.  O.; Rowe, C. W.; Wieder, W. R.; Carey, J. C.; Machmuller, M. B.; Snoek, B. L.; Fang, S.; Zhou, G.; Allison, S. D.; Blair, J. M.; Bridgham, S. D.; Burton, A. J.; Carrillo, Y.; Reich, P. B.; Clark, J. S.; Classen, A. T.; Dijkstra, F. A.; Elberling, B.; Emmett, B. A.; Estiarte, M.; Frey, S. D.; Guo, J.; Harte, J.; Jiang, L.; Johnson, B. R.; Kröel-Dulay, G.; Larsen, K. S.; Laudon, H.; Lavallee, J. M.; Luo, Y.; Lupascu, M.; Ma, L. N.; Marhan, S.; Michelsen, A.; Mohan, J.; Niu, S.; Pendall, E.; Peñuelas, J.; Pfeifer-Meister, L.; Poll, C.; Reinsch, S.; Reynolds, L. L.; Schmidt, I. K.; Sistla, S.; Sokol, N. W.; Templer, P. H.; Treseder, K. K.; Welker, J. M.; Bradford, M. A.

doi:10.1038/nature20150

Title: Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming

Abstract

The majority of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon is stored in the soil. If anthropogenic warming stimulates the loss of this carbon to the atmosphere, it could drive further planetary warming. Despite evidence that warming enhances carbon fluxes to and from the soil, the net global balance between these responses remains uncertain. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of warming- induced changes in soil carbon stocks by assembling data from 49 field experiments located across North America, Europe and Asia. We find that the effects of warming are contingent on the size of the initial soil carbon stock, with considerable losses occurring in high-latitude areas. By extrapolating this empirical relationship to the global scale, we provide estimates of soil carbon sensitivity to warming that may help to constrain Earth system model projections. Our empirical relationship suggests that global soil carbon stocks in the upper soil horizons will fall by 30 ± 30 petagrams of carbon to 203 ± 161 petagrams of carbon under one degree of warming, depending on the rate at which the effects of warming are realized. Under the conservative assumption that the response of soil carbon to warming occurs within a year, a business-as-usual climate scenario would drivemore »« less

Authors:

Crowther, T. W. ^[1]; Todd-Brown, K. E. O. ^[2]; Rowe, C. W. ^[3]; Wieder, W. R. ^[4]; Carey, J. C. ^[5]; Machmuller, M. B. ^[6]; Snoek, B. L. ^[7]; Fang, S. ^[8]; Zhou, G. ^[9]; Allison, S. D. ^[10]; Blair, J. M. ^[11]; Bridgham, S. D. ^[12]; Burton, A. J. ^[13]; Carrillo, Y. ^[14]; Reich, P. B. ^[15]; Clark, J. S. ^[16]; Classen, A. T. ^[17]; Dijkstra, F. A. ^[18]; Elberling, B. ^[19]; Emmett, B. A. ^[20] more »

Netherlands Inst. of Ecology, Wageningen (The Netherlands); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Netherlands Inst. of Ecology, Wageningen (The Netherlands); Wageningen Univ., Wageningen (The Netherlands)
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing (China); Nanjing Univ. of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing (China)
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing (China)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)
Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW (Australia)
Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW (Australia); Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (United States)
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Sydney, Camden, NSW (Australia)
Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
Environment Centre Wales, Bangor (United Kingdom). Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Catalonia (Spain); Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Catalonia (Spain)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Northeast Normal Univ., Jilin Province (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Centre for Ecological Research (MTA), Budapest (Hungary)
Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå (Sweden)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); Univ. of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore (Singapore)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Univ. of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (Germany)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Hampshire College, Amherst, MA (United States)
Boston Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Univ. of Alaska, Anchorage, AK (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1501388

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010562

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature (London)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 540; Journal Issue: 7631; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats


                    Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E.  O., Rowe, C. W., Wieder, W. R., Carey, J. C., Machmuller, M. B., Snoek, B. L., Fang, S., Zhou, G., Allison, S. D., Blair, J. M., Bridgham, S. D., Burton, A. J., Carrillo, Y., Reich, P. B., Clark, J. S., Classen, A. T., Dijkstra, F. A., Elberling, B., Emmett, B. A., Estiarte, M., Frey, S. D., Guo, J., Harte, J., Jiang, L., Johnson, B. R., Kröel-Dulay, G., Larsen, K. S., Laudon, H., Lavallee, J. M., Luo, Y., Lupascu, M., Ma, L. N., Marhan, S., Michelsen, A., Mohan, J., Niu, S., Pendall, E., Peñuelas, J., Pfeifer-Meister, L., Poll, C., Reinsch, S., Reynolds, L. L., Schmidt, I. K., Sistla, S., Sokol, N. W., Templer, P. H., Treseder, K. K., Welker, J. M., and Bradford, M. A. Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/nature20150.

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                    Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E.  O., Rowe, C. W., Wieder, W. R., Carey, J. C., Machmuller, M. B., Snoek, B. L., Fang, S., Zhou, G., Allison, S. D., Blair, J. M., Bridgham, S. D., Burton, A. J., Carrillo, Y., Reich, P. B., Clark, J. S., Classen, A. T., Dijkstra, F. A., Elberling, B., Emmett, B. A., Estiarte, M., Frey, S. D., Guo, J., Harte, J., Jiang, L., Johnson, B. R., Kröel-Dulay, G., Larsen, K. S., Laudon, H., Lavallee, J. M., Luo, Y., Lupascu, M., Ma, L. N., Marhan, S., Michelsen, A., Mohan, J., Niu, S., Pendall, E., Peñuelas, J., Pfeifer-Meister, L., Poll, C., Reinsch, S., Reynolds, L. L., Schmidt, I. K., Sistla, S., Sokol, N. W., Templer, P. H., Treseder, K. K., Welker, J. M., & Bradford, M. A. Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20150

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                    Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E.  O., Rowe, C. W., Wieder, W. R., Carey, J. C., Machmuller, M. B., Snoek, B. L., Fang, S., Zhou, G., Allison, S. D., Blair, J. M., Bridgham, S. D., Burton, A. J., Carrillo, Y., Reich, P. B., Clark, J. S., Classen, A. T., Dijkstra, F. A., Elberling, B., Emmett, B. A., Estiarte, M., Frey, S. D., Guo, J., Harte, J., Jiang, L., Johnson, B. R., Kröel-Dulay, G., Larsen, K. S., Laudon, H., Lavallee, J. M., Luo, Y., Lupascu, M., Ma, L. N., Marhan, S., Michelsen, A., Mohan, J., Niu, S., Pendall, E., Peñuelas, J., Pfeifer-Meister, L., Poll, C., Reinsch, S., Reynolds, L. L., Schmidt, I. K., Sistla, S., Sokol, N. W., Templer, P. H., Treseder, K. K., Welker, J. M., and Bradford, M. A. 2016.  
        "Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20150.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1501388.

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@article{osti_1501388,

  title        = {Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming},

  author       = {Crowther, T. W. and Todd-Brown, K. E.  O. and Rowe, C. W. and Wieder, W. R. and Carey, J. C. and Machmuller, M. B. and Snoek, B. L. and Fang, S. and Zhou, G. and Allison, S. D. and Blair, J. M. and Bridgham, S. D. and Burton, A. J. and Carrillo, Y. and Reich, P. B. and Clark, J. S. and Classen, A. T. and Dijkstra, F. A. and Elberling, B. and Emmett, B. A. and Estiarte, M. and Frey, S. D. and Guo, J. and Harte, J. and Jiang, L. and Johnson, B. R. and Kröel-Dulay, G. and Larsen, K. S. and Laudon, H. and Lavallee, J. M. and Luo, Y. and Lupascu, M. and Ma, L. N. and Marhan, S. and Michelsen, A. and Mohan, J. and Niu, S. and Pendall, E. and Peñuelas, J. and Pfeifer-Meister, L. and Poll, C. and Reinsch, S. and Reynolds, L. L. and Schmidt, I. K. and Sistla, S. and Sokol, N. W. and Templer, P. H. and Treseder, K. K. and Welker, J. M. and Bradford, M. A.},

  abstractNote = {The majority of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon is stored in the soil. If anthropogenic warming stimulates the loss of this carbon to the atmosphere, it could drive further planetary warming. Despite evidence that warming enhances carbon fluxes to and from the soil, the net global balance between these responses remains uncertain. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of warming- induced changes in soil carbon stocks by assembling data from 49 field experiments located across North America, Europe and Asia. We find that the effects of warming are contingent on the size of the initial soil carbon stock, with considerable losses occurring in high-latitude areas. By extrapolating this empirical relationship to the global scale, we provide estimates of soil carbon sensitivity to warming that may help to constrain Earth system model projections. Our empirical relationship suggests that global soil carbon stocks in the upper soil horizons will fall by 30 ± 30 petagrams of carbon to 203 ± 161 petagrams of carbon under one degree of warming, depending on the rate at which the effects of warming are realized. Under the conservative assumption that the response of soil carbon to warming occurs within a year, a business-as-usual climate scenario would drive the loss of 55 ± 50 petagrams of carbon from the upper soil horizons by 2050. This value is around 12-17 per cent of the expected anthropogenic emissions over this period. Despite the considerable uncertainty in our estimates, the direction of the global soil carbon response is consistent across all scenarios. This provides strong empirical support for the idea that rising temperatures will stimulate the net loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere, driving a positive land carbon–climate feedback that could accelerate climate change.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nature20150},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1501388},
  journal      = {Nature (London)},

  issn         = {0028-0836},

  number       = 7631,

  volume       = 540,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Kristensen, Jeppe A.; Metcalfe, Daniel B.; Rousk, Johannes
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Accounting for soil organic carbon role in land use contribution to climate change in agricultural LCA: which methods? Which impacts?
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Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
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Bradford, Mark A.; McCulley, Rebecca L.; Crowther, Thomas. W.
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Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage
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Chen, Shiping; Wang, Wantong; Xu, Wenting
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TERN, Australia’s land observatory: addressing the global challenge of forecasting ecosystem responses to climate variability and change
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Dryland soils in northern China sequester carbon during the early 2000s warming hiatus period
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Origin of volatile organic compound emissions from subarctic tundra under global warming
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Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition governed by aggregate protection and microbial communities
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Silva, Lucas C. R.; Lambers, Hans
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Jian, Jinshi; Steele, Meredith K.; Day, Susan D.
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Predicting soil carbon loss with warming
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Pathways for balancing CO2 emissions and sinks
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Walsh, Brian; Ciais, Philippe; Janssens, Ivan A.
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Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment
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Crowther, T. W.; Riggs, C.; Lind, E. M.
Ecology Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 6
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Pathways regulating decreased soil respiration with warming in a biocrust-dominated dryland
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García-Palacios, Pablo; Escolar, Cristina; Dacal, Marina
Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 10
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-018-0117-9

Water scaling of ecosystem carbon cycle feedback to climate warming
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Quan, Quan; Tian, Dashuan; Luo, Yiqi
ETH Zurich
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Dynamics of deep soil carbon – insights from 14C time series across a climatic gradient
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Van Der Voort, Tessa S.; Mannu, Utsav; Hagedorn, Frank
ETH Zurich
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Accelerating rates of Arctic carbon cycling revealed by long-term atmospheric CO 2 measurements
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Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
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Disentangling effects of air and soil temperature on C allocation in cold environments: A 14C pulse-labelling study with two plant species
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Ferrari, Adele; Hagedorn, Frank; Niklaus, Pascal Alex
Wiley Open Access
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A Mechanistic Model of Microbially Mediated Soil Biogeochemical Processes: A Reality Check
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Fatichi, Simone; Manzoni, Stefano; Or, Dani
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A meta-analysis of global fungal distribution reveals climate-driven patterns
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Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale
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van den Hoogen, Johan; Geisen, Stefan; Routh, Devin
Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7768
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Conceptualizing soil organic matter into particulate and mineral‐associated forms to address global change in the 21st century
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Lavallee, Jocelyn M.; Soong, Jennifer L.; Cotrufo, M. Francesca
Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 1
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Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain
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Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01929

Competition alters predicted forest carbon cycle responses to nitrogen availability and elevated CO2: simulations using an explicitly competitive, game-theoretic vegetation demographic model
text, January 2019

Weng, Ensheng; Dybzinski, Ray; Farrior, Caroline E.
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https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-651c-f885

A moisture function of soil heterotrophic respiration that incorporates microscale processes
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Yan, Zhifeng; Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Todd-Brown, Katherine E.
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale
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Liu, Zhihua; Ballantyne, Ashley P.; Poulter, Benjamin
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05948-1

Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes
journal, July 2019

Zhu, Dan; Ciais, Philippe; Krinner, Gerhard
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11103-1

Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil
journal, September 2019

Adamczyk, Bartosz; Sietiö, Outi-Maaria; Straková, Petra
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1

Community-level respiration of prokaryotic microbes may rise with global warming
journal, November 2019

Smith, Thomas P.; Thomas, Thomas J. H.; García-Carreras, Bernardo
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13109-1

A meta-analysis of global fungal distribution reveals climate-driven patterns
journal, November 2019

Větrovský, Tomáš; Kohout, Petr; Kopecký, Martin
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13164-8

Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States
journal, November 2019

Wang, Faming; Lu, Xiaoliang; Sanders, Christian J.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13294-z

A global, empirical, harmonised dataset of soil organic carbon changes under perennial crops
journal, May 2019

Ledo, Alicia; Hillier, Jonathan; Smith, Pete
Scientific Data, Vol. 6, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0062-1

Discrete taxa of saprotrophic fungi respire different ages of carbon from Antarctic soils
journal, May 2018

Newsham, Kevin K.; Garnett, Mark H.; Robinson, Clare H.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25877-9

Increased microbial growth, biomass, and turnover drive soil organic carbon accumulation at higher plant diversity
journal, August 2019

Prommer, Judith; Walker, Tom W. N.; Wanek, Wolfgang
Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14777

Origin of volatile organic compound emissions from subarctic tundra under global warming
journal, January 2020

Ghirardo, Andrea; Lindstein, Frida; Koch, Kerstin
Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14935

Unifying the functional diversity in natural and cultivated soils using the overall body-mass distribution of nematodes
journal, November 2017

Mulder, Christian; Maas, Rob
BMC Ecology, Vol. 17, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-017-0145-9

Projected changes of alpine grassland carbon dynamics in response to climate change and elevated CO2 concentrations under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios
journal, July 2019

Han, Pengfei; Lin, Xiaohui; Zhang, Wen
PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 7
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215261

Accounting for Carbon Stocks in Soils and Measuring GHGs Emission Fluxes from Soils: Do We Have the Necessary Standards?
journal, July 2017

Bispo, Antonio; Andersen, Lizzi; Angers, Denis A.
Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 5
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00041

Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain
journal, August 2018

Baveye, Philippe C.; Otten, Wilfred; Kravchenko, Alexandra
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01929

Ammonia Oxidation by the Arctic Terrestrial Thaumarchaeote Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus arcticus Is Stimulated by Increasing Temperatures
journal, July 2019

Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy; Kerou, Melina; Zappe, Anna
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01571

Increasing Temperature and Microplastic Fibers Jointly Influence Soil Aggregation by Saprobic Fungi
journal, September 2019

Liang, Yun; Lehmann, Anika; Ballhausen, Max-Bernhard
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02018

Vegetation, pH and Water Content as Main Factors for Shaping Fungal Richness, Community Composition and Functional Guilds Distribution in Soils of Western Greenland
journal, October 2019

Canini, Fabiana; Zucconi, Laura; Pacelli, Claudia
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02348

Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion
journal, January 2020

Li, Xiaoxiao; Zhang, Qi; Ma, Jing
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020561

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Title: Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming

Abstract

Citation Formats

Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978–2003 journal, September 2005

Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming journal, May 1991

The Vertical Distribution of soil Organic Carbon and its Relation to Climate and Vegetation journal, April 2000

Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for structurally novel ecosystems journal, June 2012

Global soil carbon projections are improved by modelling microbial processes journal, July 2013

Toward improved model structures for analyzing priming: potential pitfalls of using bulk turnover time journal, November 2015

Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change journal, March 2006

Global Convergence in the Temperature Sensitivity of Respiration at Ecosystem Level journal, July 2010

Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward journal, August 2011

A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback journal, November 2015

Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback journal, April 2015

Climate Change Projections in CESM1(CAM5) Compared to CCSM4 journal, September 2013

Twenty-First-Century Compatible CO 2 Emissions and Airborne Fraction Simulated by CMIP5 Earth System Models under Four Representative Concentration Pathways journal, July 2013

Warming increases aboveground plant biomass and C stocks in vascular-plant-dominated Antarctic tundra journal, August 2008

Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models journal, August 2013

Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis journal, May 2011

Thermal acclimation in widespread heterotrophic soil microbes journal, January 2013

Biotic interactions mediate soil microbial feedbacks to climate change journal, May 2015

Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty journal, January 2015

RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions journal, August 2011

Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations journal, January 2008

Mapping tree density at a global scale journal, September 2015

Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage journal, May 2013

Carbon balance of Alaskan tundra and taiga ecosystems: past, present and future journal, January 1987

Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change journal, July 2016

Controls on terrestrial carbon feedbacks by productivity versus turnover in the CMIP5 Earth System Models journal, January 2015

SoilGrids1km — Global Soil Information Based on Automated Mapping journal, August 2014

Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century journal, January 2014

Responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to experimental warming: a meta-analysis journal, March 2013

Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century journal, January 2013

Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty journal, January 2014

SoilGrids1km — Global Soil Information Based on Automated Mapping text, January 2014

Replication Data for: Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming. dataset, January 2017

Process-Oriented Modeling of a High Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Long-Term Carbon Budget and Ecosystem Responses to Interannual Variations of Climate journal, April 2018

Temporal Coupling of Subsurface and Surface Soil CO 2 Fluxes: Insights From a Nonsteady State Model and Cross-Wavelet Coherence Analysis journal, April 2018

Extreme Climate Effects on Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations During Snowmelt journal, April 2018

Long-Term Stimulatory Warming Effect on Soil Heterotrophic Respiration in a Cool-Temperate Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forest in Northern Japan journal, April 2018

Disentangling effects of air and soil temperature on C allocation in cold environments: A 14 C pulse‐labelling study with two plant species journal, July 2018

Vegetation and precipitation shifts interact to alter organic and inorganic carbon storage in cold desert soils journal, March 2019

Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon journal, August 2018

Carbon control on terrestrial ecosystem function across contrasting site productivities: the carbon connection revisited journal, May 2019

Human activities in a tropical Mexican desert: Impact of rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction on vegetation and soil journal, January 2019

Higher species diversity improves soil water infiltration capacity by increasing soil organic matter content in semiarid grasslands journal, June 2019

Beyond respiration: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes across the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes journal, February 2018

How landscape organization and scale shape catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry: insights from a long-term catchment study: Insights from a long-term catchment study journal, November 2017

Food Web Uncertainties Influence Predictions of Climate Change Effects on Soil Carbon Sequestration in Heathlands journal, October 2019

Organic carbon stocks in topsoil and subsoil in long-term ley and cereal monoculture rotations journal, April 2018

Geothermally warmed soils reveal persistent increases in the respiratory costs of soil microbes contributing to substantial C losses journal, April 2018

Multiple models and experiments underscore large uncertainty in soil carbon dynamics journal, October 2018

Sugarcane straw management for bioenergy: effects of global warming on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon storage journal, July 2019

Increased CO2 efflux due to long-term experimental summer warming and litter input in subarctic tundra – CO2 fluxes at snowmelt, in growing season, fall and winter journal, September 2019

Reduction of Pb availability during surficial leaching in different types of soils with addition of apatite and oxalic acid journal, August 2018

Interactions Between Land-Use Change and Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks journal, April 2018

A Large Committed Long-Term Sink of Carbon due to Vegetation Dynamics journal, October 2018

Soil Organic Matter Temperature Sensitivity Cannot be Directly Inferred From Spatial Gradients journal, June 2019

Large-Scale Landscape Drivers of CO 2 , CH 4 , DOC, and DIC in Boreal River Networks journal, February 2019

Evidence for Edge Enhancements of Soil Respiration in Temperate Forests journal, April 2019

Higher climatological temperature sensitivity of soil carbon in cold than warm climates journal, October 2017

Save northern high-latitude catchments journal, May 2017

A moisture function of soil heterotrophic respiration that incorporates microscale processes journal, July 2018

Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale journal, September 2018

Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil journal, September 2019

Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States journal, November 2019

Shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period journal, September 2017

Navigating the unfolding open data landscape in ecology and evolution journal, February 2018

Soil microbial respiration adapts to ambient temperature in global drylands journal, January 2019

A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem journal, December 2019

Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change journal, June 2019

Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades journal, August 2018

Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome journal, September 2018

A global, empirical, harmonised dataset of soil organic carbon changes under perennial crops journal, May 2019

Global Sequestration Potential of Increased Organic Carbon in Cropland Soils journal, November 2017

Predicting the loss of organic archaeological deposits at a regional scale in Greenland journal, July 2019

Shrubland primary production and soil respiration diverge along European climate gradient journal, March 2017

Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities journal, March 2017

Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production journal, April 2018

Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use journal, August 2017

Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978–2003
journal, September 2005

Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming
journal, May 1991

The Vertical Distribution of soil Organic Carbon and its Relation to Climate and Vegetation
journal, April 2000

Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for structurally novel ecosystems
journal, June 2012

Global soil carbon projections are improved by modelling microbial processes
journal, July 2013

Toward improved model structures for analyzing priming: potential pitfalls of using bulk turnover time
journal, November 2015

Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
journal, March 2006

Global Convergence in the Temperature Sensitivity of Respiration at Ecosystem Level
journal, July 2010

Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward
journal, August 2011

A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback
journal, November 2015

Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
journal, April 2015

Climate Change Projections in CESM1(CAM5) Compared to CCSM4
journal, September 2013

Twenty-First-Century Compatible CO ₂ Emissions and Airborne Fraction Simulated by CMIP5 Earth System Models under Four Representative Concentration Pathways
journal, July 2013

Warming increases aboveground plant biomass and C stocks in vascular-plant-dominated Antarctic tundra
journal, August 2008

Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, August 2013

Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis
journal, May 2011

Thermal acclimation in widespread heterotrophic soil microbes
journal, January 2013

Biotic interactions mediate soil microbial feedbacks to climate change
journal, May 2015

Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty
journal, January 2015

RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions
journal, August 2011

Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations
journal, January 2008

Mapping tree density at a global scale
journal, September 2015

Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage
journal, May 2013

Carbon balance of Alaskan tundra and taiga ecosystems: past, present and future
journal, January 1987

Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change
journal, July 2016

Controls on terrestrial carbon feedbacks by productivity versus turnover in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, January 2015

SoilGrids1km — Global Soil Information Based on Automated Mapping
journal, August 2014

Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century
journal, January 2014

Responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to experimental warming: a meta-analysis
journal, March 2013

Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century
journal, January 2013

Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty
journal, January 2014

SoilGrids1km — Global Soil Information Based on Automated Mapping
text, January 2014

Replication Data for: Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming.
dataset, January 2017

Process-Oriented Modeling of a High Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Long-Term Carbon Budget and Ecosystem Responses to Interannual Variations of Climate
journal, April 2018

Temporal Coupling of Subsurface and Surface Soil CO ₂ Fluxes: Insights From a Nonsteady State Model and Cross-Wavelet Coherence Analysis
journal, April 2018

Extreme Climate Effects on Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations During Snowmelt
journal, April 2018

Long-Term Stimulatory Warming Effect on Soil Heterotrophic Respiration in a Cool-Temperate Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forest in Northern Japan
journal, April 2018

Disentangling effects of air and soil temperature on C allocation in cold environments: A ¹⁴ C pulse‐labelling study with two plant species
journal, July 2018

Vegetation and precipitation shifts interact to alter organic and inorganic carbon storage in cold desert soils
journal, March 2019

Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon
journal, August 2018

Carbon control on terrestrial ecosystem function across contrasting site productivities: the carbon connection revisited
journal, May 2019

Human activities in a tropical Mexican desert: Impact of rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction on vegetation and soil
journal, January 2019

Higher species diversity improves soil water infiltration capacity by increasing soil organic matter content in semiarid grasslands
journal, June 2019

Beyond respiration: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes across the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes
journal, February 2018

How landscape organization and scale shape catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry: insights from a long-term catchment study: Insights from a long-term catchment study
journal, November 2017

Food Web Uncertainties Influence Predictions of Climate Change Effects on Soil Carbon Sequestration in Heathlands
journal, October 2019

Organic carbon stocks in topsoil and subsoil in long-term ley and cereal monoculture rotations
journal, April 2018

Geothermally warmed soils reveal persistent increases in the respiratory costs of soil microbes contributing to substantial C losses
journal, April 2018

Multiple models and experiments underscore large uncertainty in soil carbon dynamics
journal, October 2018

Sugarcane straw management for bioenergy: effects of global warming on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon storage
journal, July 2019

Increased CO2 efflux due to long-term experimental summer warming and litter input in subarctic tundra – CO2 fluxes at snowmelt, in growing season, fall and winter
journal, September 2019

Reduction of Pb availability during surficial leaching in different types of soils with addition of apatite and oxalic acid
journal, August 2018

Interactions Between Land-Use Change and Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
journal, April 2018

A Large Committed Long-Term Sink of Carbon due to Vegetation Dynamics
journal, October 2018

Soil Organic Matter Temperature Sensitivity Cannot be Directly Inferred From Spatial Gradients
journal, June 2019

Large-Scale Landscape Drivers of CO ₂ , CH ₄ , DOC, and DIC in Boreal River Networks
journal, February 2019

Evidence for Edge Enhancements of Soil Respiration in Temperate Forests
journal, April 2019

Higher climatological temperature sensitivity of soil carbon in cold than warm climates
journal, October 2017

Save northern high-latitude catchments
journal, May 2017

A moisture function of soil heterotrophic respiration that incorporates microscale processes
journal, July 2018

Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale
journal, September 2018

Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil
journal, September 2019

Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States
journal, November 2019

Shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period
journal, September 2017

Navigating the unfolding open data landscape in ecology and evolution
journal, February 2018

Soil microbial respiration adapts to ambient temperature in global drylands
journal, January 2019

A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem
journal, December 2019

Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change
journal, June 2019

Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades
journal, August 2018

Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
journal, September 2018

A global, empirical, harmonised dataset of soil organic carbon changes under perennial crops
journal, May 2019

Global Sequestration Potential of Increased Organic Carbon in Cropland Soils
journal, November 2017

Predicting the loss of organic archaeological deposits at a regional scale in Greenland
journal, July 2019

Shrubland primary production and soil respiration diverge along European climate gradient
journal, March 2017

Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities
journal, March 2017

Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production
journal, April 2018

Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use
journal, August 2017

News Feature: Can predators have a big impact on carbon emissions calculations?
journal, March 2018

An agenda for ethics and justice in adaptation to climate change
journal, December 2019

Carbon emissions from cropland expansion in the United States
journal, April 2019